LO 10 : Networking

• Network


  The interconnection of many computers and devices. Devices include mobiles, printers, routers, cars, washing machines, televisions, etc.
• Networks


  • Make it possible for users to share resources for communication (hardware) and data (software)
  • Enable communication between users, devices and other devices

  
• A network is the interconnection of many computers and devices
• Networked devices


  • Mobiles
  • Printers
  • Routers
  • Cars
  • Washing machines
  • Televisions
• Networked devices can be accessed and controlled remotely, allowing users to manage them from anywhere with an internet connection
• Networked devices can provide real-time data and insights
• Networked devices can easily share data with other devices or systems, enabling better collaboration and integration across different platforms
• Networked devices can be programmed to operate more efficiently by adjusting their behavior based on real-time data and environmental conditions
• Networked devices can send alerts and notifications to users or administrators in case of predefined events or anomalies
• Networked devices can be managed centrally, making it easier to update software, apply security patches, and configure settings across multiple devices simultaneously
• Networked devices can interact with each other to trigger automated processes
• Networked devices generate large amounts of data, which can be analyzed to extract valuable insights
• Networked devices can be easily scaled up or down as needed without significant infrastructure changes
• Networked devices enable the development of new and innovative services that were previously not possible with stand-alone devices
• Ways to connect on a network

  • Wired
  • Wireless
• Ethernet


  A system for connecting several computer systems to form a local area network (LAN). It needs protocols to control the passing of information and to avoid simultaneous transmission by two or more systems.

  
• Fibre optics


  A cable containing optical fibers (usually glass) coated in plastic to send data by pulses of light. They allow for faster data transmission than standard copper wires because they have a higher bandwidth and are symmetrical.
• Wi-Fi


  A wireless networking technology that allows devices such as computers (laptops and desktops), mobile devices (smart phones and wearables), and other equipment (printers and video cameras) to interface with the Internet. It allows these devices to exchange information with one another, creating a network.
• Bluetooth


  A short-range wireless technology standard that is used for exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances and building
• Mobile data 3G/4G/5G


  Internet content delivered to mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets over a cellular connection. Mobile data plans offer varying amounts of data transfer per month for a range of rates.
• Generations of mobile communication technology

  • 1G
  • 2G
  • 3G
  • 4G
  • 5G
• 1G


  The first generation of mobile communication technology, introduced in the early 1980s. It was primarily an analog system, providing basic voice calling capabilities. 1G had limited coverage, capacity, and security compared to later generations.
• 2G


  Followed 1G and was introduced in the early 1990s. It marked the transition to digital communication, which improved call quality and security. 2G introduced text messaging (SMS) and data services at slow speeds, enabling basic internet connectivity.
• 3G


  Emerged in the early 2000s. It provided faster data speeds, enabling mobile internet browsing, video calls, and multimedia messaging.
• 4G


  Introduced in the late 2000s. It brought significant improvements in data speed and capacity, making it suitable for high-quality video streaming, online gaming, and other bandwidth-intensive applications. LTE (Long-Term Evolution) became the dominant 4G technology, providing high-speed data access.
• 5G


  The latest generation of mobile communication technology, with initial deployments starting around 2019. It offers significantly faster data speeds, lower latency, and increased network capacity compared to 4G. 5G enables the Internet of Things (IoT), augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and other advanced applications.
• Physical obstacles


  • Walls
  • Floors
• Multiple wired devices can lead to cable clutter, which can be unsightly and challenging to manage
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  • Setting up wired connections may require additional equipment and installation costs
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  • Cables can create tripping hazards if not properly managed or secured
• Device Compatibility


  • Not all devices support wired connections, especially mobile devices like smartphones and tablets
• Cables and connectors may degrade over time and require maintenance or replacement
• The number of available Ethernet ports on a router or switch can be a limiting factor for wired connections
• Expanding a wired network or adding new devices may require additional infrastructure and cabling
• Wireless connections allow for greater mobility and flexibility since devices can move freely within the coverage area
• Easy Installation


  • Setting up wireless networks is generally easier and less intrusive compared to wired networks
• Convenience


  • No physical cables are needed, reducing clutter and simplifying device connections
• Device Compatibility


  • Most modern devices, including smartphones and tablets, come with built-in wireless capabilities
• Expanding a wireless network is relatively easy by adding more access points
• Remote Access


  • Wireless connections enable remote access to devices and data