MOA

• What is the mechanism of action for SALBUTAMOL?

  it is a bronchodilator and is an agonist (stimulator) of beta-2 receptors
• What is the MoA for IPRATROPIUM?

  it is a bronchodilator, anticholinergic with antimuscarinic activity. It antagonises acetylcholine receptors causing vasal inhibition. This results in bronchodilation
• What is the mechanism of action for OXYGEN?

  High concentrations can result in oxygen free-radicals. This can cause vasoconstriction of small arteries which can lower blood flow to tissues + organs. May worsen inflammatory states.
• What is the MoA for MEDICAL AIR?

  generally considered non-toxic at atmospheric pressure. Consists of 21% of oxygen.
• Mechanism of action of GTN

  1. Formation of nitric oxide which is a vasodilator

  2. Reduction in venous return (preload) to the heart, reducing ventricular filling and cardiac output, reducing myocardial oxygen demand

  3. Arterial dilation which reduces peripheral resistance (afterload), reducing the force the left ventricle must overcome to eject blood into the arteries, reducing myocardial oxygen demand

  4. Dilation to the coronary arteries which may increase coronary blood supply
• What is the MoA for ADRENALINE?

  Stimulates the alpha + beta receptors, with most effect occurring at alpha-1, beta-1 and beta-2 receptors.

  Alpha-1 = smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction and stimulation of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

  Beta-1 = increase in cardiac contraction, increase in HR and increase in speed of electrical conductivity

  Beta-2 = smooth muscle relaxation, skeletal muscle vasodilation, bronchodilation and stabilisation of mast cells, reducing histamine release.
• What is the MoA for ASPIRIN?

  Has antiplatelet, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. It Inhibits cyclooxygenase which results in a reduction of the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxane
• What is the MoA for ONDANSETRON?

  Is an antiemetic. It antagonises serotonin receptors centrally in the brain and peripherally in the GI tract, resulting in a reduction in nausea and vomiting
• What is the MoA for GLUCAGON?

  Increases the blood glucose level by stimulating glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen into glucose).
• What is the MoA for IBUPROFEN?

  Inhibits the activity of prostaglandin synthetase. It reduces prostaglandin production and causes a reduction in inflammation, pain and fever.

  It is a NSAID that is commonly used to treat pain
• What is the MoA for PARACETAMOL?

  inhibits the production of prostaglandins resulting in a reduction of pain and fever
• What is the MoA for LORATADINE?

  It antagonises peripheral histamine receptors, blocking the action of histamine and reducing itching and redness
• MOA for PREDNISONE?

  It is a prodrug that is metabolised to prednisolone. It is a cortico-steroid and immunosuppressor that inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators (prostaglandins + leukotrienes). This results in a reduction of the inflammatory + immune response