Unit 4 3.1

• The police can be funded in three separate ways. These are from social council tax, 2/3 of the funding from central government and charging for services such as policing football matches
• The judiciary funding comes from the government for the pair of senior judges which is around 262,000 and the lowest rank judges who get paid around 112,000. The senior review body which is an independent organisation the types of salaries and advisor and pay for public roles
• Due to charities and pressure groups being independent organisations they rely heavily und donations. This is because they receive no funding from the government in orders to keep independent.
• The judiciary in the crown court have the aim to ensure correct procedures are carried out eg to stop those getting off with technicality. The Supreme Court has the aims of hearing the cases from the lower parts. This is to pass sentences on those found guilty.
• The the aims of prison to protect the public from any risk of harm, keep prisoners held securely and insuring sentences are carried out from the courts and helping offenders to rehability so they can become positive contributes to society
• The aim of probation is to protect the public by helping the offender transform their lives, challenge the cause of offending and rehabilitate as well as supporting victims of serious offences
• The prison reform trust is a charity which focuses on the aims of reducing imprisonment, improving conditions for both prisoners and their families as well as influencing the government officials towards reform
• Women’s aid is a pressure group which focuses on the aim of ending domestic abuse as well as representing national memberships to provide domestic abuse services to survivors around the country
• The CPS were first established in 1996 and was brought in by the prosecution of offences act 1985
• CPS – there are around 14 local area branches in England and Wales. There is also a 15th branch which is the CPS direct
• The CPS direct is at 24/7 hotline which offers legal advice for the police when requested
• The CPS is also led by the director of public prosecutions which is Max Hill he has been in Charge since 2018
• CPS – to keep objectivity and fairness the CPS use the full code test which is made of birth the evidential and the public interest test. They also proceeded to use a threshold test if all conditions have not been met.
• CPS – overall all five conditions must be met to pass all the tests to be presented in court
• CPS – the full code test is an example of reasonable grounds to suspect a person and the cases in the public interest to Charge suspect
• The CPS also received their funding from the government which is around half 1 billion a year and they also receive money from cost of defendants and money from goods and assets from offenders
• The CPS deal with all types of crimes and offenders, including very serious crimes not so much minor offences
• Probation is when a sentence is served outside the community in which they can be reformed
• Probation – as the sentence is served in the community they can become positive contributing members of society
• There are two types of probation. The first one is community sentence. This is when an individual undergoes unpaid work. The second type is a probation order. this is when those individuals who have left prison and are on license until their life sentence is over
• The working processes of probation to assess prisoners before their release on licence this is because it establishes any risks but any conditions they must abide too. This is done through MAPPAs
• The probation also has the practice of sorting out accommodation for those who are released. They are also work with the courts basis because they write pre-sentence reports in which is a summary of strengths and weaknesses of the offender.
• The probation service is overall funded by the government through taxation in 2018 the budget was £4.6 billion and this was shared between the probation and the prisons that are also 21 privately run probation services of the CRC in which they are funded by the ministry of justice This independent organisation focuses a low risk offenders
• Prisons are a service in which aims to protect the public from ham but as well as rehabilitating any offenders
• There are around 112 prisons who hold an average of 82,000 prisoners
• Prisons are mostly run by government however there is an odd view independently run. These independent prison services are run by G4S and other businesses and are mostly known for running in HMP Birmingham until it returned to government in 2016 due to the riot
• Prison hold offenders who have committed serious crimes and this can range from theft to murder
• Overall, when a when a prisoner is sentenced to prison they are first place in a local prison and then given a security classification prison based on the results of their risk assessments
• Prison – category is for the most serious crimes such as murder and terrorism which hold high security. Whereas category D prisons prison which are minor crimes such as shoplifting. Prison also aim to rehabilitate their offenders due to them offending numerous services such as management programs for drugs and alcohol alcohol, religious sessions to reconnect with the Lord as well as education programs in which they can gain qualifications for themselves
• All the judges in the land are referred to as a judiciary
• Judiciary – they’re over 300,000 judges which are all appointed and not elected
• The working practices of the judges is one of the most important roles in society. This is because they have to ensure they abide to the rules of the law and maintaining justice is kept fair and objective throughout A case
• judges are also protected from being ousted. This is our politicians cannot abuse the system.
• Some of the aims of the crown court judges is to abide and ensure the correct procedures are carried out. This is the stop guilty offenders getting off on technicality.
• Judges must also follow the aims. I’ve always been compliant to human rights.
• In comparison to the crown court the supreme and court of appeals have the main aims of overhearing court cases from the lower parts but also setting a new precedent which is applied for future cases for both upper and lower
• There are also two types of judges. These are superior judges who work in the High Court and above and they are around £262,000 a year from the government.
• The second lot of judges are the inferior judges and they oversee the lower cost. These judges earned around £112,000 a year
• The overall pay of the judges is decided by the independent organisation of the senior salaries review body. They also decide on the public roles salary
• The prison reform trust is a charity which was founded by Sir Monty finnieston and Veronica linklater are advisers to multiple agencies