Surgery

• 1950 - Canadian surgeon William Bigelow performs the first open heart surgery
• 1952 - first kidney transplant
• 1958 - first pacemaker is fitted in Sweden
• 1967 - Christian Barnard, a South African heart surgeon, performs the first heart transplant
• 1972 - British surgeon John Charnley develops hip replacements
• 1986 - British woman Davina Thompson receives a triple heart, lung and liver transplant
• 2008 - first full face transplant