The "Mechanism" by which Evolution occurs - certain traits will increase the chances of an individual's survival and reproduction, and are more likely to be passed on to the next generation
When a huge natural disaster occurs and kills off a whole group of individuals, the small group of survivors has a very low probability of having the same allele frequency as the original population
In periods where there is not significant environmental change, the traits that have allowed that organism to survive in previous generations continue to be favored traits
Selection favors traits that enhance reproductive success, often leading to males and females of a species evolving quite different appearances and behaviors
Two species that do not share a common ancestor develop very similar structural or behavioral features because they experience similar selective forces
If a species becomes very well adapted to its environment, and if the environment does not change, species can exist for a very long time before they become extinct
Before the black color variation was extremely rare, the color statistic had begun to change 50 years later, with the black peppered moth being more common in urban areas
This statistic changed due to the fact that these moths were more active during the night, and the black peppered moths survived better by camouflage in darker areas of London
Later on when England began to fix their environmentally damaging habits, lighter trees began to grow again, reducing the black peppered moth's population to its original numbers
The process of evolution is too slow to be observed directly in a human lifetime, except for bacteria & viruses who because of their short life span are able to evolve and develop resistance to antibiotics
The benefit of artificial selection is that it allows humans to increase the speed of evolution to meet their needs and produce organisms with preferred traits
Artificial selection has long been used in agriculture to produce animals and crops with desirable traits, such as the meats, fruits and vegetables we have today
Artificial Selection is a type of Biotechnology, which is the use of technology and organisms to produce useful products, and has a huge impact on humans and our survival