topic 1

• The periodic table is organised into groups (columns) and periods (rows).
• The 3 states of mass are solid, liquid and gas
• What are the properties of a solid?

  particles are close together

  regular structure

  vibrate in a fixed position
• What are the properties of a liquid?

  • particles are close together
  • Irregular structure
  • flow around each other
• What are the properties of a gas?

  • Very far apart+
  • Irregular arrangement+
  • Moves quickly in all directions
• What is a physical change?


  no new substances are formed and it's usually reversable
• what is a chemical change?


  produces new substances, can't be reversed
• Some examples of a physical change are, melting and boiling
• some examples of a chemical change are burning and rusting.
• what is 1 picometre in standard form?

  1x10^-12
• What is 1 nanometer in standard form?

  1 x 10^-9 m
• what is 1 micrometer in standard form?

  1x10^-6m
• what is 1 millimeter in standard form?

  1x10^-3
• how do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

  Atomic mass - atomic number
• Atomic number is smaller than the mass number
• number of protons is the same as the atomic number.
• What is an isotope?

  Atoms of the same element but with different numbers of neutrons but same number of protons.
• What is an ion?

  Formed when an atom loses or gains electrons.
• if electrons have been lost the ion will be positive (Cation)
• If electrons have been gained the ion will be negative (Anion)
• Metals make positive Ions
• Non Metals make negative ions
• What is the relative atomic mass?

  the mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 mass of a carbon 12 atom
• What is relative formula mass?

  the mean mass of a unit of a substance compared to 1/12 the mass of a carbon 12 atom
• how do you calculate RFM?

  for example: ALCl3

  1 aluminum = 1 x 27.0 = 27

  3 chlorine = 3 x 35.5 = 106.5 +

  ^ ------

  || 133.5 = RFM+

  Mass number
• What is the empirical formulae?

  The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound