Ethnicity

• Non-white groups are often othered and treated as a threat to society
• Hall says representations of ethnic minorities are translated by the audience to form stereotypes
• Van Dijk categorised representations into three categories: criminality, as a threat, and unimportant
• Wayne et al found that the media overrepresents Black youth as criminals, with connections to gangs and rap music
• Back noted that reporting on protests by ethnic minorities often spun them as riots and focused on violence rather than the reason for the protests - eg 2011 disturbances, BLM
• Davies analysed the Daily Mail and found that 64% of photos of Black people were of criminals
• Ameli et al found that there was a lot of discussion around Muslim women wearing the hijab, which was portrayed as a sign of oppression and ignored the choice that women had
• Moore found that Islam was presented as dangerous, extremist, intolerant and a threat to British life
• Davies also found the Daily Mail cared more about crime victims if they were white
• There may be limited positions in the news for ethnic minorities
• Shah said the media engages in tokenism, putting in ethnic minorities to pay lip service to diversity without yielding power
• The murder of Stephen Lawrence received widespread coverage from newspapers on both ends of the political spectrum