KQ2 industrial and agrarian unrest

• luddites: causes


  new machinery: stocking frames

  made cloth cheaper and quicker

  1797 = 27s 1827 = 3s
• luddites: events


  1811 gangs of weavers destroy up to 1000 machines in Nottingham + derbyshire

  1812 150 luddites attack rawfolds mill

  yorkshire mill owner William horsfell was murdered
• luddites: impact


  gov sent 12000 troops to troubled areas + passed a law: frame-breaking = death

  1813 14 luddites executed

  many transported/fined

  UNSUCCESSFUL
• Llanidloes disturbances


  1838 Henry hetherington (leader Birmingham chartists) tour mid Wales + encourage working men's associations

  3rd April 1839 attack on a hotel housing constables

  32 chartists arrested then imprisoned/transported
• newport rising


  nov 1839

  John frost etc to lead march 20,000 to Newport 5,000 went

  demand votes for all men 21+

  crowd gather outside a hotel, soldiers open fire 20 chartists killed

  500 imprisoned, leaders transported
• scotch cattle


  1830s

  young welsh colliers

  blacken face + wear animal furs

  against truck system, high rents, decreasing wages

  attack property of industrialists

  peak in 1835 when John Morgan guilty murder - hanged
• Rebecca riots


  1839 -43

  poor farmers disguised as women attack tollgates

  'Rebecca' = biblical reference

  protest against high tolls, high rents, tithes, poverty
• Rebecca riots events


  gate at efailwen attacked x3 may - July 1839

  • magistrates order it not to be rebuilt = success

  by may 1843 20 tollgates destroyed

  toll keeper Sarah Williams killed 7th sep 1843

  toll charges standardised = positive
• swing riots causes


  1830-31

  rising poverty

  machinery - less jobs

  low wages

  1828+29 bad harvests - higher food prices and hunger
• swing riots events


  attack property of rich landowners, farm machinery, workhouses

  jan 1830-31 316 reported cases of arson

  gov arrested 2000, 19 hanged, 481 transported