Cours 8

• Social Network Analysis (SNA)

  Mapping and measuring of relationships and flows between people, groups, organizations, computers or other information/knowledge processing entities
• SNA


  • Nodes = individuals, groups, etc.
  • Edges = the link between nodes

  
• Utility of SNA


  • Helps determine if a network is tightly bounded, diversified, or constricted
  • Find its density and clustering
  • Study how the behavior of network members is affected by their positions and connections
• Theoretical perspectives and goals of SNA

  • Focus on relationships between actors than the attributes of actors
  • Sense of interdependence: a molecular rather atomistic view
  • Structure affects substantive outcomes
  • Emergent effects
• Bargotti (2000)


  • To visualize relationships/communication between people and/or groups using diagrams
  • To study the factors that influence relationships and the correlations between them
  • To draw out implications of the relational data, including bottlenecks
  • To make recommendations to improve communication and workflow in an organization

  
• Dekker (2002)


  Two approaches of SNA: Ego-centered analysis (focuses on the individual as opposed to the whole network, and only a random sample of network population is normally involved) and Whole network analysis (the whole population of the network is surveyed and this facilitates conceptualization of the complete network)
• Important units of analysis and concepts of SNA

  • Nodes: The actors or subjects of study
  • Relations: The strands between actors. They are characterized by content, direction, and strength
  • Ties: Connect a pair of actors by one or more relations
  • Multiplexity: The more relations in a tie, the more multiplex the tie is
  • Composition: This is derived from the social attributes of both participants
  • Range: The size and heterogeneity of the social networks
  • Centrality: Measures who is central (powerful) or isolated in networks
  • Roles: Network roles are suggested by similarities in network members' behavior
  • Density: The number of actual ties in a network compared with the total amount of ties that the network can theoretically support
  • Reachability: To be reachable, connections that can be traced from the source to the required actor must exit
  • Distance: The number of actors that information has to pass through to connect one actor with another in the network
  • Cliques: Subsets of actors in a network, who are more closely tied to each other than to the other actor who is not part of the subset
• The multidimensional nature of emotions and affects (Russell and Warr)
• Emotions


  • Anxious
  • Inspired
  • Enthusiastic
  • Tense
  • Worried
  • Joyful
  • Dejected
  • At ease
  • Calm
  • Despondent
  • Depressed
  • Hopeless
  • Laid back
  • Relaxed
• The dataset has 341 participants and 8 emotions

  
• The network analysis shows the relationships between the emotions

  
• Strength


  In the context of network analysis, strength refers to the sum of the weights of the edges connected to a node. It is often used in weighted networks where connections have varying levels of importance or intensity.
• Closeness


  Closeness centrality measures how quickly a node can access other nodes in the network. It is defined as the reciprocal of the sum of the shortest path distances from the node to all other nodes in the network.
• Betweenness


  Betweenness centrality indicates the number of times a node acts as a bridge along the shortest path between two other nodes. It measures the influence a node has over the flow of information or resources in the network.
• Can we investigate the mapping of emotions, attitudes and behaviors based on personality?

  
• Honesty-Humility (High Levels)


  • Sincere: They value honesty and fairness, and they avoid manipulating others for personal gain
  • Fair-minded: They strive for fairness and are unlikely to take advantage of others
  • Modest: They do not seek to elevate themselves over others and are often humble about their achievements
  • Greed-Avoidant: They are less likely to be motivated by material wealth and status, and they avoid exploiting others
• Honesty-Humility (Low Levels)


  • Manipulative: They may use deceit and exploitation to achieve their goals
  • Self-Important: They tend to believe they are superior to others and seek to elevate their status
  • Unethical: They may engage in unethical behavior, particularly if it benefits them personally
  • Materialistic: They are more likely to pursue wealth, status, and power, even at the expense of others
• Emotionality (High Levels)


  • Anxious: They experience a higher level of anxiety and worry, particularly about potential threats or dangers
  • Fearful: They are more prone to experiencing fear in threatening situations
  • Sentimental: They have strong emotional attachments to others and are deeply affected by the emotions and wellbeing of their close ones
  • Sensitive: They are emotionally responsive and may cry easily or feel deeply moved by emotional events
• Emotionality (Low Levels)


  • Calm: They are less likely to experience anxiety or fear and are generally calm and composed in stressful situations
  • Fearless: They are less likely to be afraid in situations that most people would find threatening
  • Detached: They may have fewer emotional attachments and are less influenced by the emotions of others
  • Resilient: They are less affected by emotional stress and can handle tough situations without becoming overly emotional
• The image shows the relationships between Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, and their high/low levels