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Chemistry Paper 1
Transition elements
Colours
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Cards (29)
[Cu(H2O)₆]²⁺
pale blue
: from CuSO₄ .5H₂O
Cu(OH)₂
Pale
blue
precipitate : NH₃ added dropwise
[Cu(NH₃)₄(H2O)₂]²⁺
Deep/Dark
blue
: excess NH₃
CuCl₄ ² ⁻
Yellow
: excess HCl
Cu⁺
White
precipitate : reduction of Cu ²⁺ with I⁻
Cu
brown
solid
Cu ²⁺
Brown
solid (Cu) and
blue
solution (CuSO4)
CoCl₄ ²⁻
1. From CoCl2.6H2O plus water and excess HCl
2.
Blue
[Cr(H2O)6]3+
Pale purple
[Cr(H2O)6]3+
1. From K2CrO4.12H2O
2. Pale
purple
3. Heat-green
Cr(OH)3(s)
Dark
green
precipitate
Cr(OH)₃ (s)
Dark
green
precipitate : NH₃ dropwise
[Cr(NH₃)₆]³⁺
Purple
: excess NH₃
[Cr(OH)₆] ³⁻
Dark
green
: excess OH- to Cr(OH)₃ (s)
Cr₂O₇ ²⁻
Orange
: from K₂Cr₂O₇ (s) in 0.1 moldm⁻³ H₂SO₄
CrO₄²⁻
Yellow : oxidation of Cr³⁺ with hot alkaline H₂O₂
[Mn(H₂O)₆]²⁺
Pale pink
: from MnSO₄ .4H₂O
Mn(OH)₂ (s)
Pale
brown
precipitate : OH- added dropwise
[Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺
Pale green
: from FeSO₄ . 7H₂O (s)
Fe(OH)₂(s)
Dark
green
precipitate: OH- dropwise
[Fe(H₂O)₆] ³⁺
Yellow
: from FeCl₃ . 6H₂O (s)
Fe(OH)₃ (s)
Orange-brown
precipitate : OH- added dropwise
Fe(OH)3(s)
1.
NaOH
dropwise to Fe(aq)
2.
Orange-brown
precipitate
MnO₄⁻
Purple
I⁻/Fe³⁺ —> I₂/Fe²⁺
Orange brown (Fe³⁺ ) to
brown
(I₂)
Cu ²⁺
blue
Mn²⁺
pale pink
CoCl₄ ²⁻
blue
: CoCl₂ . 6H₂O (s) with
water
and excess HCl
[Cr(H₂O)₆]³⁺
pale purple
when heated it turns
green
due to impurities
from KCr(SO₄)₂ .12H₂O (s)