what is place - Toxteth

• how many people live there?

  4044 residents
• how do natural characteristics shape toxteth?

  > bank of the river mersey - 1km wide

  > fishing and ocean access. only local links

  > later developed into a port in 18th cent

  > land to the west is undulating - hunting ground. good for community

  > location made it ideal to be a rest point for slavery transportation
• how does built environment shape toxteth?

  georgian houses - sign of wealth

  > 19th cent, low density and lots of green space eg Brick Fields

  > late 19th cent, industrial heritage grew meaning there was high density, terraced housing for workers gave a community feel

  > disease spread eg cholera and TB

  > mass industrialisation
• how does culture shape toxteth?

  > religion - mosques have friday prayers as long as celebrations such as Eid and Ramadan

  > very varied

  > within a few streets there are a range of religious buildings

  > built enviro changed due to shifting flow of culture immigration
• how does scoop-economic status shape toxteth?

  7 of the SOAs in toxteth are in the most 1% deprived in the world

  > 37% children live in poverty

  > only 45% own a car compared to 75% nationally

  > 40% students get GCSE grades compared to 60%

  > schools are underfunded

  > future is reduced
• how does demographic shape toxteth?

  > immigration from the 18th century, ship industry

  > 78% white

  > Irish potato famine in 1847, irish migrated to work in the docks

  > post WW2 influx of migrants to rebuild britain and support the NHS
• why did toxteth have such an economic decline after such previous wealth from the docks?

  > things could be done abroad cheaper ie sugar refining

  > the city was on the furthest periphery from europe (trade) became isolated

  > container ships lead to ports and manufacturing shutting leading to de-industrialisation

  > river mersey was too shallow and narrow for container ships

  > lack of jobs cause social unrest and racism
• how do political factors shape toxteth?

  > toxteth riverside ward is one of the 30 wards in liverpool city council. limited power

  > nationally the liverpool MP takes matters to parliament

  > conservative gov set up the mersey side development corporation (MDC) to rebuild and improve the area

  > granby four streets group are trying to regenerate 4 streets
• how have shifting flows shaped toxteth?

  MDC aim to rebrand the docks

  2008 liverpool gained the 'european capital of culture' which gave it funding and identity to boost tertiary sector jobs

  > old warehouse to art museum shifting flow of art from london to liverpool

  > beatles museum

  > offshore wind farm in liverpool bay. attract people to research and work

  > residents do not have qualifications