Energy in food webs

• each feeding level is called a trophic level
• In a typical food web, there are one level of herbivores
• in a typical food web, there are two or three levels of carnivores
• energy is lost from a food chain because animals move, keep warm and produce waste materials
• the fraction of energy remaining after one stage in a food chain is about 10%
• the fraction of energy remaining after two stages in a food chain is about 1%
• we can make the most efficient use of food by eating cereals, fruit and vegetables
• in respiration, energy is released when glucose and oxygen react
• as well as materials, the repair of damaged tissues requires energy
• we call a permanent increases in the size of a cell growth
• the word that describes keeping something in good order is maintenance
• materials that cannot be used by an organism are waste