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• Art Appreciation
• Pre-historic era


  • Pre historic includes all human existence before the emergence of writing
  • Art is only one clue - along with fossils - to an understanding of early human life and culture
• Paintings from the pre-historic era

  • Found inside the caves which may have been their way of communicating with each other
  • It may also be for religious or ceremonial purposes
• Pre-historic sculptures


  • Materials used vary according to region and locality
  • Archaeologist believed that their sculptures is a result of natural erosion and not human artistry
• Megalith


  (from the Greek word lithos "stone" and megas "big") A big rock
• Three main types of megalith stones

  • Menhir
  • Dolmens
  • Cromlech
• Pre historic art is not easy to understand
• These artworks are clues for archaeologists in understanding the Stone Age Civilization
• Archaeologist are given a peek into the minds of the primitive people through their artworks and find out what they have experienced to produce those pictures
• Cave of Lascaux, 1

  • 5000 - 10000 B.C. - Stone Age image from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP Library
• Egyptian Art History
• Purpose of Egyptian Paintings

  To make deceased afterlife place pleasant

  
• Egyptian paintings emphasize the importance of life after death and the preservation of the knowledge of the past

  
• Characteristics of Egyptian paintings

  • Highly stylized, symbolic, and showed profile view of an animal or a person
  • Main colors used were red, black, blue, gold and green derived from mineral pigments that can withstand strong sunlight without fading
• Sculptures from the Egyptian era


  • Symbolic elements such as forms, hieroglyphics, relative size, location, materials color, actions, and gestures are widely used
  • Their tombs required the most extensive use of sculptures
• Characteristics of Egyptian sculptures

  • Symbolisms were heavily used to represent the gods, they were represented as composite creature with animal heads on human bodies
  • Relief compositions were arranged in horizontal lines to record an event or to represent an action
  • Most of the time the gods were shown larger than humans, the kings larger than their followers and the dead larger than the living
  • Empty spaces were filled with figures or hieroglyphics
  • All individual components were all brought to the plane of representation and laid out like writing

  
• Hieroglyphics


  A system of writing using picture symbols used in ancient Egypt
• Horus


  In ancient Egyptian religion, a god in the form of a falcon whose right eye was the sun or morning star
• Anubis


  The god of funerary rites, protector of graves, and guide to the underworld
• Pharaohs


  The kings of ancient Egypt
• Egyptian Architecture was developed during the pre-dynastic period 4000 BC
• Greek Art History
• Greek art


  Holds a significant place in the history of art and culture, remains a testament to the creativity, skill, and aesthetic sensibilities of the ancient
• Greek Art


  Spans a period between about 900 and 30 BCE and is divided into Four period
• Paintings from Classical Greek Era

  • Most commonly found in vases, panels, and tomb, depict natural figures with dynamic compositions
• Classical Greek Era


  Paintings were found in vases, panels, and tombs which depicted natural figures with dynamic compositions, art during this period was mostly subjected to mundane life and literature, showed scenes from famous epics and myths and paraded normal everyday life
• Classical Greek Era


  480 to 323 BC
• Art of the Classical Greek Era

  • Prominent art of sculpture, painting, and architecture, Athenian sculptor Praxiteles is one of the most celebrated artists at the time with his work, nude Aphrodite of Knidos, paraded normal activities like horse riding, weaving, instrument playing, and drinking
• Some famous art pieces during the Classical Greek Era

  • Fallen Warrior from Temple of Aphaia
  • Discobolus
  • Riace bronzes
  • Goddesses from the east pediment of the Parthenon
  • God from the sea, Zeus or Poseidon
  • The Siren vase
  • Motya charioteer

  
• The Parthenon (447-432 BC, Athens)


  • The greatest Classical Temple, ingeniously engineered to correct an optical illusion, the columns were slightly contorted, swollen at the center and leaning inward to correct what would otherwise have been an impression of deadness and top heaviness
• Philippine Art History
• Pre-colonial Arts (Before 1521)


  • Receptacles
  • Textile Weaving
  • Jewelry
  • Pottery
  • Sculpture
  • Architecture
• Receptacles


  Containers fashioned by early Filipinos to enclose and protect the bodies of their relatives, served as a funerary for the dead
• Textile Weaving


  Flat stone tools believed to have been used to pound and flatten tree barks into primitive types of textiles have been excavated
• Jewelry


  Shells were used for accessories, bracelets and pendants, a piece of cone shell, presumably an earring is an example of ancient jewelry, discovered in Duyong cave, Palawan
• Pottery


  Clays pots were discovered which dated as early as 710 BCE, in Masbate, can be classified according to shape, method of decoration and type of design on the surface
• Methods of pottery decoration

  • Impressed Design - involved pressing on the vessels certain object like a rope, string, or small piece of mat while the surface clay is still wet
  • Incised Design - make use of sharp objects to draw patterns on the earthenware's still wet body
• Types of pottery design

  • Abstract Design - consist of dots, straight lines, and curve lines, for example, stars, waves, and clouds
  • Representational Design - are usually of objects in nature, for example, trees, animals, and drawings of human figures
• Manunggul Burial Jar


  Regarded as the symbol of Philippine Pre-historic artifacts, found in Palawan and dated 980-710 BCE, surmounted by a group sculpture which is representation of the soul of the dead person being transported by the figure roaring the boat into the afterlife
• 3 different style and structures of native dwelling

  • Bahay Kubo - build from bamboo and nipa which are the most common construction materials in the rural areas
  • Ifugao House - are so structured because of the cold climate of the Mountain Province
  • Maranao House - is a traditional house with a boat-like appearance