organic

• where do we find crude oil

  in rocks
• crude oil is found in rocks
• crude oil is a finite resource
• how is crude oil formed

  over millions of years from the remains of plankton
• what tiny sea creatures form crude oil

  plankton
• crude oil is formed over millions of years from the remains of sea creatures called plankton
• plankton are burried in

  mud
• crude oil is a mixture of ...

  hydrocarbons
• -------- is a mixture of molecules called hydrocarbons


  crude oil
• crude oil is a mixture of molecules called hydrocarbons
• hydrocarbons are made of hydrogen and carbon only
• what are hydrocarbons made of

  hydrogen and carbon ONLY
• what is the general formula of alkanes


  C(n)H(2n+2)
• alkanes are saturated molecules
• In alkanes the carbon is fully bonded to the hydrogen
• high viscosity - flow slowly
• low viscosity - flow quickly
• as the size of hydrocarbons increases the molecules get

  more viscous
• as the size of hydrocarbon increases it gets more viscous
• short chain hydrocarbons are very flammable
• the shorter the hydrocarbon the ---- flammable

  more
• long chain hydrocarbons have ---- boiling points

  high
• the longer the hydrocarbon chain the

  more viscous

  higher boiling point

  less flammable
• hydrocarbon fuels release energy when burned
• what happens to the carbon and hydrogen atoms during combustion

  they are oxidised
• what are the products of complete combustion

  carbon dioxide and water
• what is needed for complete combustion

  endless oxygen supply
• how do we separate the hydrocarbons in crude oil

  fractional distillation
• alkanes only have single covalent bonds between carbon atoms
• what is cracking


  breaking long chain alkanes into smaller molecules to make them more useful
• what is used in catalytic cracking


  high temperature and a catalyst
• what is needed in steam cracking

  high temp and steam
• what do alkenes have

  double covalent bonds between carbon atoms
• alkenes can make polymers
• alkenes are more reactive than alkanes
• what is the formula for alkenes

  C(n)H(2n)
• why are alkenes unsaturated

  they have less hydrogen
• steps of fractional distillation

  crude oil is heated to high temp which causes it to boil

  the crude oil vapour is fed into the distillation column

  the vapours rise up the column and condense when they reach their boiling point

  liquid fractions are removed individually
• the bottom of the distillation column is hot and it gets cooler
• fractions can be used as feedstock in the petrochemical industry