principles

• prehistory


  punishment from god

  abnormal behaviour was caused by religion, witchcraft and demonic possession

  TREATMENTS = holy water, prayer, good deeds and positive thoughts, exorcism, immersing in boiling water
• greek culture


  imbalances in the four humours

  blood letting/ leaches

  diet / exercise

  purging
• psychogenic


  psychological

  mental illness is a result of the unconscious

  psychoanalysis can gain insight into the past and thoughts in the unconscious

  CBT , dream analysis, free association
• somatogenic


  genetics

  abnormal brain structure and abnormal levels of neurotransmitters

  drug treatments

  ECT, psychosurgery, psychpharmacology
• deviation from social norms

  culturally dependent, era dependent

  goes against social expectations and laws

  groups decide what is and isn't acceptable

  fits with social expectations

  varies across cultures
• failure to function adequately

  failure to cope with basic demand

  unable to hold a job or maintain relationships

  cause distress to themselves or others

  objective to use

  culturally dependent, doesnt account for adaptive behaviours
• deviation from ideal mental health


  focuses on normal behaviour

  criteria for ideal mental health is not met

  rational, can accurately perceive ourselves, independent, realistic views of the world and good self esteem

  easy to measure, objective

  rigid, culturally dependent, unrealistic to achieve all at once
• statistical infrequency


  behaviour that occurs rarely

  eg. average IQ = 100, Einstein = 160 IQ so labelled abnormal

  quantitative, objective, measurable and comparative

  incomplete as not all abnormal behaviour is negative
• ICD diagnosis


  international classification of diseases

  minimum of one clear symptom for a one month period

  paranoid schizophrenia, disorganised schizophrenia, catatonic schizophrenia and undifferentiated schizophrenia
• DSM diagnosis


  diagnostic statistical manual

  two or more symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech, catatonic behaviour, poverty of speech and motivation

  most used in america