Lesson 10

• Serum


  Most commonly used chemistry specimen
• HbA1c


  Specimen is whole blood
• Serum


  Most commonly used chemistry specimen
• Blood Bank


  Compatibility testing
• HbA1c


  Specimen is whole blood
• Clinical Microscopy


  Cells and tissues as specimens
• Blood Bank


  Compatibility testing
• Urine is the most frequently analyzed nonblood body fluid
• Clinical Microscopy


  Cells and tissues as specimens
• Urine


  • Can aid in monitoring wellness, the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections, the detection and monitoring of metabolic disease, and determining the effectiveness or complications of therapy
• Urine is the most frequently analyzed nonblood body fluid
• First morning urine


  Preferred sample for many tests
• Urine


  • Can aid in monitoring wellness, the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections, the detection and monitoring of metabolic disease, and determining the effectiveness or complications of therapy
• Ultrafiltrate of blood


  The kidney filters the urine
• First morning urine


  Preferred sample for many tests
• Metabolic diseases


  • Maple syrup disease
  • Alkaptonuria
• Ultrafiltrate of blood


  The kidney filters the urine
• Packed red blood cells


  Transfused when patient has anemia
• Metabolic diseases


  • Maple syrup disease
  • Alkaptonuria
• Whole blood with RBC and plasma

  Transfused when patient has blood loss
• Packed red blood cells


  Transfused when patient has anemia
• Whole blood with RBC and plasma

  Transfused when patient has blood loss
• 24 hour urine test


  First hour urine is placed
• 24 hour urine test


  First hour urine is placed
• Routine Urinalysis (UA)


  The most commonly requested urine test
• Routine Urinalysis


  • Tests for UTI, and bleeding of urether
  • Includes examination of physical, chemical, and microscopic properties
• Reddish or pinkish urine

  May indicate bleeding
• Turbid urine


  Indicates infection
• Routine Urinalysis (UA)


  The most commonly requested urine test
• Malodorous urine


  Presence of ammonia indicates infection
• Routine Urinalysis


  • Tests for UTI, and bleeding of urether
• Low urine volume


  Indicates obstruction
• Midstream clean catch


  Ideal procedure for collecting a specimen for routine UA
• Specific gravity 1.03


  Not urine
• Midstream clean catch procedure

  1. Wash hands

  2. Wipe private part before urinating

  3. Urinate a little bit

  4. Catch urine (full or half full)

  5. Rest of urine will go to toilet
• Specific gravity 1.020 or higher


  Something in urine makes it heavy, could be diluted or concentrated
• Lactobacillus acidophilus


  Causes acidic pH of vagina, first line of defense, normal flora
• Specific gravity 1.045


  Contrast in urine, used for CT scans
• Urine Culture and Sensitivity


  Performed to determine which antibiotics will be effective against the microorganism
• Glucose in urine


  Excessive amount indicates hyperglycemia, diabetes