Lec 8

• Stress


  The relative strength in the pronunciation of a syllable, making it louder and longer
• The Nature of Stress


  • Stress refers to the relative prominence or emphasis given to a syllable in a word
  • Stressed syllables are 1-louder, 2-longer, 3-have higher pitch, and 4-different vowel quality compared to unstressed syllables
• Pitch in speech


  • Related to the frequency of vibration
  • Stressed syllables have a higher pitch, while unstressed syllables have a lower pitch
• Vowel quality


  A syllable will tend to be more prominent if it contains a vowel that is different in quality from the vowels encountered in weak syllables
• Levels of Stress


  • Two-level analysis of stressed and unstressed syllables
  • Three-level analysis of primary stress, secondary stress, and unstressed syllables
• Placement of Stress within Words

  • Stress placement is affected by the morphological structure, grammatical category, number of syllables, and phonological structure of the word
• Stress in Simple Words

  • In two-syllable words, stress tends to fall on the second syllable for verbs and the first syllable for nouns, with some exceptions
  • In three-syllable words, the placement of stress is more complex and depends on factors like the strength of the final and penultimate syllables