Ch12 b

• Leader


  Someone who can influence others and who has managerial authority
• Leadership


  The process of leading a group and influencing that group to achieve its goals
• Trait Theories of Leadership


  • Identify traits that distinguish leaders from non-leaders
• Traits that leaders have

  • Charisma
  • Confidence
  • Determination
  • Intelligence
  • Integrity
• Behavioral Theories of Leadership

  • Focus on what leaders actually do rather than on their personal characteristics
• University of Iowa and Ohio State Studies

  Identified two key dimensions of leadership behavior: consideration and initiating structure
• University of Michigan Study and Managerial Grid

  Identified two key dimensions of leadership behavior: employee-orientation and production-orientation
• Situational Leadership


  Different leadership styles may be suitable in different situations
• The Fiedler Model


  • Effective leadership depends on matching the leader's style to the demands of the situation
• Situational Leadership Theory


  Focuses on the followers and their readiness level
• Readiness


  The extent to which followers have the ability and willingness to accomplish a specific task
• Situational Leadership Theory (cont.)

  Identifies four leadership styles: telling, selling, participating, and delegating
• Leader-Participation Model


  • Specifies how much participation in decision making a leader should allow
• Four leadership behaviors in Path-Goal Theory

  • Directive
  • Supportive
  • Participative
  • Achievement-oriented
• Path-Goal Theory


  • Focuses on how leaders can help followers achieve their goals
• Leader-Member Exchange Theory


  Leaders create in-groups and out-groups, and those in the in-group have higher performance ratings, less turnover, and greater job satisfaction
• Transactional Leaders


  Lead primarily by using social exchanges (or transactions)
• Transformational Leaders


  Stimulate and inspire (transform) followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes
• Charismatic leaders and visionary leaders are similar in that they both inspire followers, but they differ in their focus
• Leaders and Teams


  • Leaders play a critical role in building and managing effective teams
• Employee Empowerment


  Managers are increasingly leading by not leading; that is, by empowering their employees
• National Culture


  Influences leadership styles and effectiveness
• Emotional Intelligence (EI)


  Is the best predictor of who will emerge as a leader
• Building Trust


  • Practice openness
  • Be fair
  • Speak your feelings
  • Tell the truth
  • Be consistent
  • Fulfill your promises
  • Maintain confidences
  • Demonstrate confidence
• Leadership may not always be important