The Teaching Profession

• Essentialism - teachers teach for learners to acquire basic knowledge, skills, and values
• Essentialism - teacher teach "not to radically reshape society" but rather "to transmit traditional moral values and intellectual knowledge
• Essentialism - emphasize the mastery of the subject
• Essentialism - an educational philosophy whose adherents believe that children should learn the traditional basic subjects thoroughly.
• Progressivism - teachers teach to develop learners into becoming enlightened and intelligent citizens
• Progressivism - prepare them for adult life
• Progressivism - are identified with need based and relevant curriculum. This is a curriculum that responds to students’ needs and that relates to students’ personal lives and experiences
• Progressivism - employ experiential method
• Progressivism - believe that one learn from doing
• John Dewey - the most popular advocate of progressivism, book learning is no substitute to actual experience
• Progressivism - is a student centered philosophy that believes that ideas should be tested by experimentation, and learning comes from finding answers from questions.
• Perennialism - We are all rational animals
• Perennialism - develop the students' rational and moral powers
• Aristotle - if we neglect the students' reasoning skills, we deprived them of the ability to use their higher faculties to control their passions and appetites
• Perennialism - According to Aristotle, if we neglect the students' reasoning skills, we deprived them of the ability to use their higher faculties to control their passions and appetites
• Perennialism - classroom are centered around teacher
• Perennialism - the teachers do not allow students' interests or experiences to substantially dictate what they teach
• Perennialism - the focus of education should be the ideas that have lasted over centuries. They believe the ideas are as relevant and meaningful today as when they were written. They recommend that students learn from reading and analyzing the works by history's finest thinkers and writers.
• Existentialism - help students understand and appreciate themselves as unique individuals who accept complete responsibility for their thoughts, feelings and actions
• Existentialism - students are given a wide variety of options from which to choose
• Existentialism - focus on the individual. learning is self-paced, self-directed
• Existentialism - believe that every individual is unique and education must cater to the individual differences. Therefore, the objective of education is to enable every individual to develop his unique qualities, to harness his potentialities and cultivate his individualities.
• Behaviorism - shaping of students' behavior by providing favorable environment
• Behaviorism - teachers teach students to respond favorably to various stimuli in the environment
• Behaviorism - "ought to arrange environmental conditions so that students can make the response to stimuli
• Behaviorism - focuses on how people learn through their interactions with the environment.
• Essentialism - With mastery of academic content as primary focus, teachers rely on the use of prescribed textbooks, and drill method and other methods that will enable them to cover as much academic content as possible like the lecture method. There is a heavy streams on memorization and discipline.
• Perennialism - to develop power of thought, internalize truths that are universal and constant and to ensure that students acquire understanding about the great ideas of Western civilization
• Perennialism - a teacher- centered philosophy, in which the teacher is less concerned with student interest and more concerned with transferring knowledge from older generations to younger generations.
• Existentialism - is a philosophy developed by Jean-Paul Sartre, Kierkegaard and others
• Existentialism - a teaching and learning philosophy that focuses on the student’s freedom and agency to choose their future
• Existentialism - to provide pathways for students to explore their own values, meanings, and choices
• Behaviorism - can also be thought of as a form of classroom management
• Linguistic philosophy - is a unique approach towards understanding languages and philosophy
• Constructivism - To develop intrinsically motivated and independent learners adequately equipped with learning skills for them to be able to construct knowledge and make meaning of them
• Constructivism - the learners are taught how to learn
• Constructivism - the teacher provides students with data or experiences that allow them to hypothesize, predict, manipulate objects, pose questions, research, investigate, imagine and invent
• Behaviorism - is a product of his environment.
• Existentialism - has no universal nature.
• Perennialism - has rational and moral powers.