other facts

• quality of life


  needs and desires are met. can be seen by the treatment of people, such as are their opinions heard, do they have equal healthcare. you can have a high income and living standard, but low quality of
• standard of living 


  the ability they have to access services and goods, basics including food and water (they have a choice)
• how is deprivation measured


  index of multiple deprivation (7 factors, like income, health, education)
• how is income measured

  purchasing power parity (PPP) on a global scale and gini coefficient (0 is equal). the UK measures inequality based on 60% below median income (13 million)
• how does housing measure inequality

  housing tenure, ACs involve mortgages and renting while LIDCs is complex with many landlords, and mostly slums. plus other factors like keymeters, having poor appliances.
• how does education measure social inequality

  literacy levels and rates of formal education (informal like learning at home doesnt count)
• how does healthcare measure social inequality?

  number of doctors per 1000 people (4 in Norway, less than 1 in ), like a "postcode lottery". health is also impacted by attitudes towards vaccines, ignorance for HIV etc
• how does employment measure social inequality

  LIDCs = working in informal sector, not registered by government, no matter how much they work can't leave slums. also bonded labour.

  2 thirds of children living in poverty only have one parent working. low wages, 0 hours contracts,
• how do spatial patterns vary in social

  wealth, housing, health, education, access to services
• how does housing influence social variations in inequality

  less choice, overcrowding and ill health. the demand for social housing exceeds supply. an increase in rent prices and cost of living more than wages, and second homes in rural areas. (1 in 4 houses overcrowded in stratford before rebranding)
• how does health influence social variations in inequality

  more stress, attitudes to life (e.g. might drink or smoke more), access to services is difficult (unaffordable or hard to access if rural or elderly)
• how does education influence social variations in inequality

  one of the MDGs, illiteracy excludes people from gaining skills, also poorer backgrounds more absent at school
• how does access to services influence social variations in inequality

  number of doctors per 1000 people (4 in Norway, less than 1 in Kenya), the number of services, access, socio-economic factors. also the rural to urban divide (transport). plus in places like North Korea, strict rules on ICT
• primary and secondary sectors

  primary is producing food & mining, secondary is making basic products and processing raw materials
• tertiary and quaternary sectors

  tertiary is economic activities providing services such as education, quaternary is economic activities providing services for other economic activities like finance
• how does globalisation influence economic change

  loss of primary and secondary, deindustrialisation and reorganisation of jobs (NIDL) and global shift (relocation of manufacturing)
• how may business players act as players (structural economic change)

  TNCs, aim to generate profits on investment, such as nestle
• how may NGOs act as players (structural economic change)

  have specific goals in mind, such as National trust working for heritage and environment safety.
• how does the government act as a player (structural economic change)

  aim to increase investment and employment in an area such as increasing transport
• HDI


  measurment of social inequality, with factors such as income, years in education, literacy rates and life expectancy (1 is most developed, Afghanistan is around 0.465)
• what 7 things is UK gov doing to reduce inequality

  taxation (fairly splitting incomes, none on food), subsidies (free school meals), healthcare (18%), pensions (20%), education (all accessible), discrimination act (equal incomes), planning (poorest areas developed first)
• what is the role of planners and architects in placemaking

  planners, decide whats needed in an area, like the improvement of transport. architects tend to build one thing, treated differently depending on place and people, such as a high rise tower block. may decide on a 24 hour
• brandscape


  one of the rebranding elements, how a place looks compared to other places
• brand artefact


  one of the rebranding elements, the building design, heritage and shops
• brand essence


  one of the rebranding elements, how a place is percieved and talked about, how people work there
• who might be involved in rebranding

  governments, NGOs, corporate bodies such as banks or pension schemes, local communities
• why is rebranding a contested process

  change character of a place (gentrification), favouring one group, differences in priority (government trying so hard to get investors they employ external people and forget locals)
• what is the aral sea an example of

  how globalisation and economic change has impacted an area
• what is kellingley colliery an example of

  how deindustrialisation and economic change has impacted an AC
• what are the elements of rebranding


  architecture, heritage use, art, food, sport, retail
• what are the stratgies for rebranding

  market led (private investor, gentrification), legacy (sport is a catalyst), events and themes (art and culture is a catalyst), flagship (one investment is a catalyst), top down (large scale organisations, e.g. investors)
• TNC


  large companies with factories worldwide and HQs in ACs