NCMA112

• Health education


  A standard caregiving role of the nurse
• Patient teaching


  An independent nursing function
• Nursing practice has expanded to include education in the broad concepts of health and illness
• In nursing, patient education has long been a major component
• Florence Nightingale was the ultimate educator
• Nurse as an educator

  • Giver of information
  • Facilitator of learning
  • Coordinator of learning
  • Advocate for the client
• Health education


  Involves not only providing relevant information but also facilitating health-related behavior change
• Nurses


  Responsible for teaching patients about preventing and managing medical conditions
• Clinical facilitator role


  Includes facilitating students' transfer of nursing theory to practice, monitoring students' progress, and defining and supporting learning difficulties, as well as communicating with clinical staff and faculty to provide students support
• Nurse educators


  Provide ongoing mentorship and serve as examples of various stages of hands-on learning
• Nurse educators


  Can help patients make informed decisions regarding their health, including helping them navigate a complex medical system, translating medical terms, and helping patients make ethical decisions
• Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory

  Defined nursing as "The act of assisting others in the provision and management of self-care to maintain or improve human functioning at home level of effectiveness"
• Self-care


  The practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf in maintaining life, health, and well-being
• Assisting patient and family caregivers to become self-reliant and responsible for their care that can be achieved through patient teaching
• Betty Neuman


  Earned her diploma as a Registered Nurse in 1947 from the People's Hospital School of Nursing in Akron, Ohio. She went on to complete her Bachelor of Science in Nursing in 1957 and her Master of Science in Mental Health, both from the University of California-Los Angeles in 1966. She also earned a Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the Pacific Western University in 1985.
• Jean Watson


  Theory of Human Caring and Nursing: Human Science and Human Care. She was born on June 10, 1940 in West Virginia and received her Bachelor of Science in Nursing Degree from the University of Colorado in 1964. In 2013, she was awarded the American Academy of Nursing's 'Living Legend' award, its highest honor.
• Based on the Institute of Medicine Report established recommendation design to enhance the role of nurses:

  • nurses should practice to the full extent
  • nurses should achieve a higher level of education and training
  • nurses should be full partner with health professionals
  • effective workforce and policy making require better data and data collection
• In patient education, the nurse's responsibility is to teach as many family members as possible
• Educator


  Must assess how the caregiver feels about the role of providing care to promote change in patients
• Educator


  Must determine the caregiver's learning style preferences, cognitive abilities, fears and concerns, and current knowledge of the situation
• The caregiver must be educated on the same information provided to the patient to provide support, feedback and reinforcement of self-care consistent with prescribed regimens of care
• Domains of caregiving role

  • Household tasks
  • Self-care, supervision, and mobility
  • Emotional and social support
  • Health and medical care
  • Advocacy and care coordination
• The role of family caregivers is central to the quality of care for older adults in the community
• The teaching-learning process helps to ensure that the situation is rewarding for both the clients and the nurse educators
• Enhancement and increased knowledge of the family members have positive benefits for the learners as well as the educator
• Increased satisfaction and greater independence in self-care
• Educators experience increased job satisfaction in helping patients to reach their full potential and achieve successful outcomes
• Advantages of an effective health education program to the family

  • Prevention of medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes, or heart disease
  • Patients who are informed about what to expect during a procedure and throughout the recovery process
  • Decreasing the possibility of complications by teaching patients about medications, lifestyle modifications, and self-monitoring devices like a glucose meter or blood pressure monitor
  • Reduction in the number of patients readmitted to the hospital
  • Retaining independence by learning self-efficiency
• An understanding of the role of all members of the team is a fundamental requisite in establishing patient education strategies, to enable members of the team to trust the professional expertise of the other members
• Members of the healthcare team

  • Attending physician
  • Nurse practitioner
  • Nurse manager
  • Support service provider
  • Nurse
  • Dietician
  • Therapist
  • Interpreter
• The role of the family caregiver is essential to provide quality care to patients
• Education is the most powerful tool for the Nurse Educator to ensure the transfer of skills and knowledge to the family
• The healthcare team has the medical expertise: the ability to use education, science, and technology to improve health
• With the increasing number of older patients and decreased length of stay, nurses are faced with the challenge of ensuring that the patient or caregiver can manage care after discharge
• Patient education facilitates the maintenance and promotion of self care behavior
• Questions about patient education that remain to be answered

  • Can patient teaching improve health status, decrease the incidence of disease, and prevent costly complications?
  • Does patient teaching reduce the chance of litigation for health care organizations and individual practitioners?
  • How will staff shortages affect the ability to deliver effective patient teaching?
  • Are some strategies for patient teaching more effective than others?
  • How can patient teaching be adapted to best meet the needs of a variety of patients?
  • How should patient education be reimbursed?
• New dimension on patient education according to Anderson and Abruzzese

  • Most teaching will occur in the ambulatory care setting
  • Use of interactive video programs will increase
  • Use of computer based instruction for hospital, ambulatory care settings, physician offices or homes will increase
  • Interorganizational linkages to enhance cooperative endeavors in patients education
  • Emphasis on illness prevention and health promotion
  • Third party reimbursement will increase
• New dimension on patient education according to Anderson and Abruzzese

  • Most teaching will occur in the ambulatory care setting
  • Use of interactive video programs will increase
  • Use of computer based instruction for hospital, ambulatory care settings, physician offices or homes will increase
  • Interorganizational linkages to enhance cooperative endeavors in patients education
  • Emphasis on illness prevention and health promotion
  • Third party reimbursement will increase as cost benefit ratios demonstrate the cost effectiveness of consumer education
• Emphasis on greater wellness

  • Raise awareness of the need for disease prevention and wellness education
  • Health education and health information counseling has become more important
  • The Affordable Care Act is available in the individual and small group markets
• Healthcare reform legislation outlines the following requirements for workplace wellness programs

  • Health awareness initiatives, including health education and preventive screenings
  • Efforts to maximize employee engagement, including mechanisms to encourage employee participation
  • Initiatives to change unhealthy behaviors and lifestyle choices, counseling, seminars, online programs and self-help materials
  • Supportive environment efforts, including workplace policies to encourage healthy lifestyles, healthy eating, increased physical activity and improved mental health