Particle model

• Unlike solids, liquids do not have a definite shape and take the shape of their container.
• The solid state of matter has a definite shape and volume.
• The particle model is used to explain the properties of matter.
• Matter can exist as solids, liquids or gases depending on its temperature and pressure.
• Solids have fixed shapes and volumes due to strong forces between particles.
• Liquid particles are close together but can move past one another easily.
• Gases have no fixed volume or shape and fill any space they occupy.
• The intermolecular forces between liquid particles are strong enough to hold them together, preventing them from moving apart completely.
• Liquid molecules vibrate rapidly and slide past one another.
• Liquid particles vibrate around an average position with no fixed positions or shapes.
• Gases have very little attraction between particles due to large distances between them.
• Solids are made up of particles that vibrate around fixed positions.
• Liquids are made up of particles that move freely but stay close together due to intermolecular forces.
• Gas molecules are far apart from one another and move randomly at high speeds.
• Gas molecules move freely with no attraction between them, resulting in low density and high compressibility.
• What are the three states of matter?

  solids liquids and gasses
• Solid properties


  Solids have particles that are held tightly together by strong forces. The particles vibrate around their fixed positions. Solids have a definite shape and volume. Solids are dense and they cannot be compressed easily because the particles are already packed closely together. Solids have the least amount of energy
• Particle model

  • Everything is made up of particles. The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. They all have different properties due to the arrangement and movement of their particles
• Gas properties

  There are only very weak forces between gas particles, which are far apart. Because of this, gases can be compressed, and so they have no fixed volume. The particles move around quickly, at a range of speeds. They cause pressure when they collide with the walls of a container. Gases have a low density and they do not have a definite shape or volume. Gases have the most energy. As you heat a gas, the particles move more quickly
• One kilogram of particles
• Liquid properties


  A liquid can flow because the particles can move past each other. The particles are still held closely together by strong forces. Liquids are dense and they cannot be compressed easily. A liquid can change its shape but not its volume
• A substance is gas at temperatures above its boiling point
• A substance is liquid at temperatures between its melting and boiling point
• Boiling point


  Temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
• Melting point


  Temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
• State change

  • Melting
  • Evaporation
  • Condensation
• State changes

  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
• The boiling point of water is 100°C, while the melting point is 0°C
• A substance is solid at temperatures below its melting point
• State

  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
• What is the state change of liquid to solid? 


  freezing
• what is the state change from soild to gas? 


  Sublimation
• What is the change of state from a gas to a liquid? 


  Deposition