Acids bases and salts

• Acids have more H+ than OH-, resulting in a lower pH value (less than 7).
• A solution with a pH of 7 has an equal number of H+ and OH- ions, making it neutral.
• Bases have more OH- than H+, resulting in a higher pH value (greater than 7).
• The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 indicating acidic solutions and values above 7 indicating basic or alkaline solutions.
• Common acids


  • Hydrochloric acid
  • Sulfuric acid
  • Nitric acid
  • Carbonic acid
• Reaction of acids


  Acid + metal hydroxide -> salt + hydrogen
• Concentrated vs dilute acids


  • Concentrated: little water, lots of chemical
  • Dilute: little chemical, lots of water
• Strong vs weak acids

  • Strong acids: 1-3 pH scale
  • Weak acids: 4-6 pH scale
• Acids are stronger if they have more ions