Personality disorder

• Paranoid


  Excessively mistrustful and suspicious of others, without justification
• Paranoid


  • More common among relatives who have schizophrenia
  • Maybe due to early mistreatment or traumatic childhood experiences
  • Associated with prior history of childhood mistreatment, externalizing symptoms, bullying, and adult appearance of interpersonal aggression
• Paranoid: 'I cannot trust people'
• Paranoid


  Too much use of projection
• Schizoid


  • Detachment from social relationships and limited range of emotions
  • Tendency to turn inward and away from the outside world
• Schizoid


  • Childhood shyness is reported as a precursor to later personality disorder
• Schizoid: 'Relationships are messy and undesirable'
• Schizotypal


  Typically socially isolated and behave in ways that would seem unusual to many of us, and they tend to be suspicious and to have odd beliefs
• Schizotypal


  • Ideas of reference - false beliefs that random or irrelevant occurrences in the world directly relate to oneself
  • Have odd beliefs or engage in magical thinking
  • Associated with childhood mistreatment and could be resulted from PTSD symptoms
• Schizotypal: 'It is better to be isolated from others'
• Histrionic


  • Tend to be overly dramatic and almost to be acting
  • Express emotions in an exaggerated manner
• Histrionic


  • Histrionic and antisocial co-occur more often
• Histrionic: 'Ako ang bida'
• Borderline


  • Moods and relationships are unstable, and usually they have poor self-image
  • Often feel empty and are great risk of dying by their own hands
  • Often engage to suicidal behaviors
  • Tend to have turbulent relationships, fearing abandonment but lacking control over their emotions
  • Often intense, going from anger to deep depression in a short time
• Borderline


  • Prevalent in families with history of mood disorders
  • If co-occurs with mood disorders, both are diagnosed
  • Recovery is more difficult and less stable
• Borderline: 'Sad gorl iz me'
• Narcissistic


  • They consider themselves different from others and deserve special treatment
  • Unreasonable sense of self-importance and are so preoccupied with themselves that they lack sensitivity and compassion
  • Grandiosity
• Narcissistic: 'I am the greatest in the world'
• Antisocial


  • Characterized as having history of failing to comply with social norms
  • At least 18 years of age
  • Evidence of CD before 15 years old
  • Irresponsible, impulsive, and deceitful
  • Lacking in conscience and empathy, selfishly take what they want and do as they please, violating social norms and expectations
• Antisocial


  • Underarousal Hypothesis: psychopaths have abnormally low levels of cortical arousal
  • Fearlessness Hypothesis: psychopaths possess a higher threshold for experiencing fear than most other individuals
• Antisocial: 'I am entitled to break rules'
• Avoidant


  • Extremely sensitive of the opinion of others and although they desire social relationship, their anxiety leads them to avoid
  • Extremely low self-esteem cause them to be limited with friendships and dependent to those they feel comfy with
  • Feel chronically rejected by others and pessimistic about their future
  • Negative self-concept
• Avoidant


  • Social Anxiety Disorder - negative evaluations
• Avoidant: 'If they knew the real me, they would reject me'
• Dependent


  • Rely on others to make ordinary decisions and even important ones which results in an unreasonable fear of abandonment
  • Agree with other people's opinion just to be not rejected
  • Feel uncomfortable or helpless when alone
• Dependent: 'I need people to survive and be happy'
• Obsessive-Compulsive


  • Perfectionist
  • Fixation on things being done "the right way"
  • This preoccupation with details prevents them from completing much of anything
  • Need to control
• When criteria for both OCD and OCPD are met, both can be given
• Obsessive-Compulsive: 'I am perfectionist, everything should be done under my control and liking'