LESSON 1.1

• Pan-determinism


  the view which disregards the human capacity to take a stand toward any conditions whatsoever
• Pan-determinism


  It states that a human person is not free because his/her decisions, actions, and behavior are determined by his/her biological, psychological, sociological condition.
• Biological Determinism


  refers to the idea that all human behavior is innate, determined by genes, brain size, or other biological attributes.
• Human


  are biologically pre-disposed to decide, act, or behave in a certain way
• Biological Pan-determinism


  the idea that human behavior is the symptom of biological and social conditions.
• Sigmund Freud

  • Father of the school of psychoanalysis
  • known for his concepts of the three aspects of human personality and three level of mind
  • human action are not free but manifestation of the various mental states
  • mental states govern human decisions, actions, and behaviors
• Oral


  Infant to 1 year old

  pleasure in Mouth
• Oral Passive

  • trusting
  • dependency
  • underfed
• Oral Aggressive

  • aggressive
  • dominating
  • overfed
• Anal

  • Toilet training
  • 2 to 3 years old
  • Pleasure in anus
• Anal Retentive

  • tidiness
  • obsessiveness
  • mean
  • stubborn
  • Strict potty train
• Anal Expulsive

  • untidiness
  • generosity
  • Unstrict potty train
• Phallic

  • "Penis"
  • 3 - 6 years old
  • Discovering the penis
  • Abnormal family set-up leading to unusual relationship with mother/father
  • Vanity, self-obsession, sexual anxiety, inadequacy, inferiority, envy
• Oedipus Complex

  • Boy is close to mother
• Electra Complex

  • Girl is close to father
• Latent Stage

  • 7 to puberty
  • Play stage
• Genital

  • Settling down in a loving one-to- one relationship with another
  • Well adjusted, mature, able to love and be loved. Sexual instinct is directed to heterosexual pleasure
• 3 LEVELS OF MIND

  • Conscious
  • Pre-conscious
  • Unconscious
• Conscious


  includes everything like thoughts, feelings and actions of which people are currently aware of
• Pre-conscious


  all mental activities which are not presently active but stored somewhere in our memory, it can be easily accessed when required
• Unconscious

  • mental activity that people are unaware of
  • some feelings, thoughts, urges and emotions that our conscious mind wants to hide
  • influence some of our unexplained behavior
• The Mental Iceberg

  • Sigmund Freud likens his concept of the mind to an iceberg
  • The conscious level is the tip
  • The pre-conscious level is in between the levels
  • The unconscious level is the seat of the mind-- concealed,vast and powerful
• Sociological Determinism

  • Actions that produce good consequences are reinforced; conversely, actions that yield negative effects have the tendency not to be repeated
  • Positive or negative reinforcement (reward or punishment mechanism) is, therefore imperative to shaping and changing human behavior
  • The best way to shape and change human behavior is through environment
• Burrhus Frederic Skinner

  • American psychologist and social philosopher
  • known for his defense of behaviorism -- view of claiming that human behavior is conditioned
  • there is no autonomous agent in humans that determines their actions; it is shaped by external conditions (environment) and not by inner-self
  • if human behavior is environmentally determined, then the person is not free