Equity theory is an economic theory that focuses on the need for balance in relationships, rather than profit (SET)
Equity means fairness not equality
Both partners' levels of profit must be roughly the same for each partner
The costs and rewards don't have to be the same for each partner
If a partner puts a lot into a relationship and gets a lot out of it, this would be considered equitable and they are likely to feel satisfied, maintaining the relationship
There is a strong positive correlation between perceived equity and relationship satisfaction
Inequity:
If there is inequity, there will be dissatisfaction
If one partner overbenefits (receives more rewards than the other) and the other partner underbenefits (putting more into the relationship than they get out of it), then dissatisfaction of more likely to occur
There is a strong positive correlation between perceived inequality and relationship dissatisfaction
Overbeneffited partner = more likely to feel guilt, discomfort, shame
Underbenefitted partner = more likely to feel anger, hostility, resentment and humiliation
Both result in an inequitable relationship = dissatisfaction = less likely the relationship will be maintained
Dealing with inequity:
The underbenefitted partner is usually motivated to make the relationship more equitable as long as they believe it is possible to do so and that the relationship is salvageable - this involved behavioural changes for the couple
It can also be dealt with through cognitive changes - partners may change their perceptions of rewards and costs so the relationship feels more equitable even if nothing actually changes. For example, untidiness could have been a major cost, however the underbenefitted partner may revise this cost and now accept the untidiness as a norm