AO1 - Duck's Phase Model of Relationship Breakdown

• Duck suggested that when relationships breakdown, they go through a series of phases. With each stage, there is a 'threshold', which is a point where their perception of the relationship changes - usually for the worse. Once this threshold has been reached, the person is tipped to the next phase of the breakdown
• 1. Intrapsychic phase

  • Threshold example: "I can't stand this anymore" indicating that something needs to change
  • Cognitive process
  • One member of the couple identifies the problem but doesn't talk about them with the partner (private)
  • The dissatisfied partner worries about the reasons for their dissatisfaction
  • They weigh up the pros and cons of the relationship and evaluate alternatives - they begin to make plans for the future
• 2. Dyadic phase

  • Threshold example: "I would be justified in withdrawing" showing they have come to a conclusion
  • The focus is on interpersonal processes between the partners
  • They cannot avoid talking about the problems in their relationship any longer
  • There are confrontations where the relationship is discussed and dissatisfactions aired - these are characterised by anxiety/hostility and complaints about the lack of equity
  • One of two outcomes is reached; either the relationship breaks up or a desire to repair it is created
• 3. Social phase

  • Threshold example: Dissatisfied partner concludes "I mean it"
  • The breakdown has happened and other people are told/it becomes public and mutual friends are encouraged to take a side
  • There is a negotiation about practicalities, e.g. division of assets
  • It is the point of no return - the break up takes on momentum driven by social forces
• 4. Grave dressing phase

  • Threshold example: "I am now ready to start my new life"
  • We justify our decision, tell our own version of events to enlist support and ensure we leave the relationship with low levels of blame which we could take to the next relationship
  • We present the ex-partner in a bad light
  • This stage involves creating a personal story you can live with which may differ from your public one to help 'tidy' memories of the relationship
  • Traits you used to like about your partner at the beginning are now interpreted in a more negative fashion