Theory of Mind

• Theory of Mind?


  recognition that other people knowledge and beliefs differ form own. our personal understanding of what other people think and feel
• Andre Meltzoff?


  children 18 months. observed adult placing beads in a jar. in the experimental condition the adults appeared to be struggling, in controlled- adults placed beads in jar successfully.
• Meltzoff findings?


  when tested in both conditions toddlers placed beads in jar successfully. suggests toddler were imitating what the adults indented to do.
• wimmer and Perner- findings?

  3ys said- maxi will look in green cupboard. 4yrs said blue cupboard demonstrating TOM.
• Sally- anne?


  2 dolls. sally places marble in her basket when sally isnt looking anne moves marble to her box.
• importance?


  empathise and others POV. struggle with communication without it. Baron-Cohen explored links b/w TOM deficits and ASD
• ASD?


  a person with diagnosed ASD if they: persistent deficits in social communications. at least 2 repetitive patterns of behaviours.
• TOM for ASD?


  Baron- Cohen et al (1985)- used sally- Anne test With 20 ASD (12) and a control group of 14 down syndrome. and 27 normal.
• TOM for ASD- Findings?

  85% of control conditions correctly identified where Sally would look. 20% of ASD group could correctly identify.
• TOM for ASD - Weaknesses?

  cause and effect. incomplete explanation- some austic patients were succesfull in sally anne. validity of sally ana- not just testing TOM aslo testing memory.
• TOM for ASD - strengths?

  able to explain psychological observations. that children with autism have difficulties engaging in pretend play like normal children. Liu et al - found similarities in development of ToM in US and chinese children suggesting same role for innate factors.