Selman

• Social cognition?


  the way we interpret, process and respond to social sistuations
• Perspective taking?


  part of social cognition, realising that other people have a different perspective or view.
• changes occurring with age?

  30 boys and 30 girls. 20 5yrs and 20 6 yrs.- Holly promised her father she wouldn't climb. kat caught in tree. children answered that holly father wouldn't mind.
• Ego centric/ undifferentiaed?


  only own POV and emotions. they identify emotions in others but not able to explain what causes them
• Social informative 6-8 yrs?

  can understand difference b/w their own POV and others but can only focus on their own.
• Self-reflective 8-10 yrs?


  children can put themselves in POV of others and can fully appreciate. can only take 1 POV at a time
• Mutual 10-12 yrs?


  look at situation from own and others POV at the same time. children can step away from situation and imagine 3rd party is viewing situation.
• Societal/ convential approach 12-1 5 yrs?


  able to see more than understanding needed to resolve conflict, social convetions needed to keep order.
• Cooney and Selman (1978)?

  interviewed some of og ppts, found some progressed through stages and none had regressed. shows validity.
• Predicitve?


  Selman et al (1977)- found that ppts poor in perspective taking had more difficulty in forming and maintaining social relationships.
• Useful?


  primary schools try to foster development of perspective taking thorough play and through stories. this should lead to happier, more socially competent children.
• Data?


  data is correlational-selman concluded more developed perspective taking lead to being more socially competent, but could be vice versa.