WEEK 5

• reflection is a property of light that occurs when light bounces back as it hits a surface
• mirrors are reflective surfaces made up of glass. It can be either plane or curved
• curved mirrors can be either concave, with a reflective surface that bends inward, or convex with a reflective surface that bends outward
• refraction is the bending of light waves as they enter or cross the boundary between two media with different densities
• lenses are transparent materials made of either glass or plastic. They refract incoming light rays and can either be converging or diverging
• a camera acts like an eye for the world, using a lens to gather and focus light rays bouncing off objects. These rays hit a light-sensitive film or digital sensor at the back, capturing a permanent image of the scene in front of the camera.
• parts of a camera are: lens, mirror, focusing screen, and photographic films
• bends light rays to focus them onto a specific point, creating a sharp image on the film or sensor

  lens
• reflects the light coming through the lens onto the focusing screen and viewfinder for composing the image before it reaches the film

  mirror
• a frosted glass screen that shows you a preview of the image being focused by the lens

  focusing screen
• a light-sensitive material that captures the image by recording the light that hits it. The film is later processed to create a permanent photograph

  photographic film
• Arrange the order:camera

  (2) the light travels through the aperture that you set to allow the perfect amount of light into the camera

  (3) light reflects off of the mirror and bounces into the pentaprism that directs image through the viewfinder

  (1) light reflects off the subject and enters the camera through the lens

  (4) when the shutter button is pressed the mirror lifts and the shutter opens to allow light expose the film
• The first permanent photograph was taken in 1826 by

  joseph Nicephore Niepce
• binoculars are a type of optical device that uses a combination of convex lenses and prisms to magnify distant objects. Convex lenses refract light rays, converging them at a focal point, which allows them to create a magnified image. Prisms in binoculars help correct the image orientation and path of light travel within the device, further enhancing the viewing experience
• parts of binoculars are: objective lens, diopter adjustment, focus wheel, eyepiece lens, and eye cup
• these are the large lenses at the front, like the big eyes of the binoculars. Their job is to grab as much light as possible from the object you're looking at.

  objective lens
• this is a small dial, usually on the right eyepiece, that acts like a tiny tuning knob. It helps you adjust the focus for each eye separately.

  diopter adjustment
• this is the bog knob in the middle, like the steering wheel of the binoculars. By turning it, you adjust the distance between the lenses inside, allowing you to focus on objects near or far away

  Focus wheel
• these are the smaller lenses you put your eyes up against. they act like magnifying glasses taking the image collected by the objective lenses and making it look bogger and closer

  eyepiece lens
• these are the soft rubber circles around the eyepieces. They're like little eye pillows with two jobs. First, they block extra light coming in from the sides that might mess up your view.

  eyecup
• arrange the order: binoculars

  (4) eyepieces act like magnifying glasses, enlarging the image for your eyes

  (1) wide objective lenses capture as much light as possible from the object

  (2) light rays bend at the objective lenses, converging towards a point

  (3) prisms flip the image upright after the initial lens bend