establishing and maintaining control

• what happened in the surrender of the Anglo Saxons after the battle of Hastings?

  -surviving troops fled from Hastings to London

  -witan elected Edgar atheling as king

  -Anglo Saxons in London looked as though they may continue fighting
• how did William cause the English to surrender after the battle of Hastings?


  -secured south coast so that supplies and more troops could be sent from Normandy

  -sent soldiers to seize royal treasury at Winchester

  -went to London to force a surrender

  -strengthened fortifications building motte and bailey castles as he moved towards london
• where did Edgar atheling and the archbishop surrender to William?

  -berkhamsted
• how did William gain land and money for rewards for his followers?

  -confiscated royal treasury in Winchester

  -set heavy tax to raise funds from Anglo-Saxon's

  -declared all land in England belonged to him

  -took land of anyone who had fought against him at Hastings
• how did William reward his supporters?

  -gave his half brother all of kent

  -kept fifth of Godwinson and Edwards land for himself but gave rest to followers

  -his advisor was given large areas of Hampshire and the isle of wight
• what were the marcher earldoms?

  Three new earldoms - Chester, Shrewsbury, and Hereford, on the border of Wales.
• who were the marcher earldoms given to?

  -Hugh d avranches was made earl of Chester

  -roger de Montgomery was made earl of Shrewsbury

  -William fitzosbern was made earl of Hereford
• what rights did the Marcher earldoms have?

  -could establish Norman churches instead of Anglo-Saxon ones

  -create towns and markets

  -powers normally reserved for king

  -encouraged Normans to move to these areas
• what laws could the Marcher earldoms make?

  The sheriffs in the Marcher earldoms were answerable to the earl, rather than directly to the king. This gave the Marcher earls almost complete control over the courts and law and order in their regions.
• what happened with castles in the Marcher earldoms?

  -could build castles without kings permission when ever they wanted

  -so that they could control area and attack Welsh if needed
• why were the marcher earldoms created?

  To protect the Marches - the border with Wales.
• Who was Stigand?


  The last Anglo-Saxon Archbishop of Canterbury was Stigand.
• what did William do to stigand?

  -stigand had reputation for corruption

  -William refused to be crowned by him and removed him from position in 1070
• what was the Normans purpose of building castles?

  to establish and keep control in England
• how many castles did the Normans build?

  It is estimated that William built as many as 1,000 castles.
• what were motte and bailey castles like?

  -motte large mounds of earth that was topped with a wooden tower

  -surrounded by Bailey that contained stables, barracks and kitchens
• where were Norman castles built?

  -built in strategic locations

  -such as key transport routes

  -located where there was more unrest such as Welsh frontier and north