GEOHAZARD EARTHQUAKES

• intese ground-shaking caused by sudden release in energy

  earthquakes
• tectonic is produced by

  sudden movement along faults

  plate boundaries
• volcanoes are induced by

  lava/magma rising beneath active volcanoes
• study of earthquakes

  seismology
• device that records seismic waves

  seismometer
• recording of the seismic waves

  seismogram
• what is being record by the seismograph?

  seismic waves
• this states that the crust of the earth gradually stores elastic stress, and the energy is released during earthquake

  elastic rebound theory
• elastic rebound theory is proposed by harry fielding reid
• this usually describes the origin of the energy of the earthquake

  elastic rebound theory
• state all parts of an earthquake

  hypocenter

  fault plane

  epicenter
• area of rupture; where the seismic waves emanate from

  hypocenter (focus)
• surface where slippage occurs

  fault plane
• fault plane

  upward - reverse fault

  downward - normal fault

  across - strike-slip fault
• point where the focus is projected onto the surface

  epicenter
• 2 types of seismic waves

  body waves

  surface waves
• two types of body waves

  primary waves

  secondary waves
• two types of surface waves

  rayleigh waves

  love waves
• this emanate from the focus and radiate in all directions thru the earth's interior

  body waves
• true or false. some energy is converted into surface waves

  true
• this travel by compressing the mediums they travel on

  primary waves
• this wave can only travl thru solids

  secondary waves
• this wave can move thru solid and liquid


  primary waves
• this travel along path nearby parallel to surface of the earth but not interior

  surface waves
• like water displacements

  rayleigh waves
• horizontal displacement of wavesor side-to-side motion felt when there's a presence of earthquake

  love waves
• intensity describes the degree of ground-shaking at a given locale based on the amount of damage

  magnitude calculated from seismic records and estimates the amount of energy at the source
• what does PHILVOCES use to measure the intensity

  PHILIPPINE EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY SCALE (PEIS)
• this amount difference in type of structures and in materials used in local production

  PHILIPPINE EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY SCALE (PEIS)
• where magnitude is being measured

  richter scale of moment magnitude
• true or false.

  earthquakes can be predicted

  false
• true or false.

  the patter and behavior of the earthquakes which in turn give us a good estimate

  true
• this states the sections of active fault that have relatively few earthquakes are likely sites of future strong earthquakes

  gap hypothesis
• these are areas along the fault where relatively small earthquakes have occurred

  seismic gap
• what is first located in the seismogram?

  primary waves