Lesson 10

• John Graunt


  Founder of Demography (by studying the bills of mortality)
• John Graunt


  • Analyzed the Bills of Mortality – weekly recording of deaths in London
  • Not actually a scientist, he's a haberdusher
• Bills of mortality


  Weekly mortality statistics in London, designed to monitor burials from 1592 to 1595 and then continuously from 1603
• Graunt's analysis


  1. Classified death rates according to the causes of death, among which he included overpopulation

  2. Found that although the male birth rate was higher than the female, it was offset by a greater mortality rate for males, so that the population was divided almost evenly between the sexes

  3. Invented the life table, which presented mortality in terms of survivorship
• Demography


  The statistical study of HUMAN populations
• 2 KINDS of Demography

  • Formal Demography (Demography)
  • Social Demography (Population Studies)
• Formal Demography


  • Population Size
  • Population Structure
  • Population Growth and Decline
  • Population Distribution
  • Population Characteristics/Composition
  • Population Processes (Mortality, Fertility, Migration)
• Formal Demography


  Concerned with the precise mathematical and statistical measurement and recording of the three population processes: Mortality, Fertility, Migration
• Formal Demography


  Concerned with explaining the three population processes: Mortality, Fertility, Migration using demographic data
• Population Size


  The number of people in a given place
• Population Size


  • World Population = 7.8 Billion (2020)
  • Philippine Population = 109,581,078 Million (2020)
• De Facto Population


  Physical presence in a given territory at a given moment in time
• De Jure Population


  You will be counted to where you are permanently residing
• Population Structure


  The distribution of males and females in each age
• Population Pyramid


  A graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population
• Population Growth and Decline


  How the number of people in a given place changes over time
• Growth Rate


  The rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period
• Types of Growth Rate

  • Positive Growth Rate
  • Negative Growth Rate
  • Zero Growth Rate
  • Fast Growth Rate
  • Slow Growth Rate
• Population Distribution


  The pattern where people are located and why
• Types of Population Distribution

  • Sparsely Populated
  • Densely Populated
• Population Density


  A measurement of the number of people in an area, calculated by dividing the number of people by area
• Factors Affecting Population Density

  • Physical environment
  • Economic development
  • Social and cultural factors
  • Political factors
• Population Characteristics/Composition


  Concerned with what people are like in a given place, in terms of variables such as education, income, occupation, family and household relationships, immigrant and refugee status, among others, that add up to who we are as individuals or groups of people
• Examples of Population Characteristics

  • Social Status (age, sex, religion, civil status, ethnicity, race)
  • Economic Status (education, occupation, income)
• Population Processes


  The levels and trends in mortality, fertility, and migration that are determining population size and change
• Population Processes


  • Mortality (Death and Morbidity)
  • Fertility (Birth - Biological, Economic, Socio-Cultural Aspect)
  • Migration (Mobility)
• Social Demography


  Concerned with explaining a demographic phenomenon using other perspectives such as sociological, economic, or biological perspectives
• The Philippines has the highest unemployment rate among members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
• Objective of Social Demography

  To explain a demographic phenomenon using other data (aside from demographic data) such as sociological, economic, or biological data
• Objective of Formal Demography


  To describe population processes (mortality, fertility, and migration) by measuring, and to explain them using demographic data