Lesson 10 Part 2

• Death


  Permanent disappearance of all evidence of life at an time after birth has taken place
• Death


  • Cessation of respiratory and circulatory systems
• Types of death


  • Endogenous
  • Exogenous
• Endogenous death


  Within the body (Example: Death due to a genetic condition)
• Exogenous death


  Foreign element that came to the body (Example: Dengue)
• Causes of death


  • Actual cause of death
  • Real cause of death
• Actual cause of death


  Diagnosed; what appears in your death certificate
• Real cause of death


  • The immediate cause of death
  • Basically, the reason why you got the diseases
• Morbidity/Health


  Frequency of sickness or diseases
• Formal study: Morbidity
• Classification of diseases


  • Communicable diseases
  • Neglected communicable diseases
  • Non-communicable diseases
• Communicable diseases


  Exogenous: Food, Air, Water Borne diseases
• Neglected communicable diseases


  • Exogenous
  • Research to cure these diseases has stopped or wala na funds or interest
  • Neglected because researches about this has stopped
• Neglected communicable diseases


  • Malaria
  • Leprosy
• Non-communicable diseases


  • Lifestyle
  • Genetic
• Illness


  • Physical and Social state
  • Socio-cultural
  • Degree of relativism
  • Temporary Characteristics
• Disease


  Biological (what doctors diagnose)
• Life span vs Life expectancy

  • Life span
  • Life expectancy
• Life span


  • Biological variable
  • Maximum number of years a person can survive in an ideal circumstance
• Life expectancy


  • Social variable (it differs from society to society)
  • Average number of years one expects to live
• If you are currently living in a developing country

  Moving to a developed country will increase your life expectancy
• Developed country = Better infrastructure (Medical, Transportation, Police and Security, among others)
• Fecundity


  Biological capacity of a woman to give birth or to reproduce
• Factors affecting fecundity


  • Fat content
  • Protein
  • Stress
• Fat content


  • Too fat = Irregular menstruation
  • Too thin = lower fertility
• Protein


  Meat is good; too much meat is bad!
• Subfecundity


  • Temporary state of INFECUNDITY
  • INFECUNDITY= inability to reproduce
  • Though there are still cases that women get pregnant
• Reasons for subfecundity


  • Lactational Amenorrhea (breastfeeding)
  • Malnourishment
  • Stress/illness
• Sterility


  Inability to procreate
• Types of sterility


  • Primary sterility - Inability to get pregnant ever since
  • Secondary sterility - Inability to get pregnant, but experienced pregnancy during her lifetime
• Secular trend


  A trend which states that the average age of puberty is decreasing over time because of better nutrition
• Menarche and menopause


  • Menarche - Beginning of menstruation
  • Menopause - End of menstruation; the end of a woman's fertility
• Median age of menopause

  Developed=49; Developing=44; Philippines=48
• Reproductive age group


  • Developed countries: begins at 15 until 49
  • Developing countries: begins at 15 until 44
• 25 to 29 is the peak of female reproduction
• R. Easterlin's income hypothesis


  At the start of the Life-Cycle, those with higher income are happier, because material aspirations are fairly similar throughout the population. However, income does not cause well-being to rise both for higher and lower income persons: Even though rising income means that people can have more goods, the favorable effect of this on the well-being is erased by the fact that PEOPLE WANT MORE AS THEY PROGRESS THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE!
• Why is it that when you have more MONEY, the lesser you want to have children?

  • Once you increase your economic status, you want to surround yourself with better things: increase spending in luxury, lifestyle, and taste; increase in economic status = want to have a better quality of life, so lesser children because having a child is expensive
  • In having children, increasing economic status = want to have better quality of children, so investing on them will become more expensive (examples: healthier children = complete vaccines; better schools = expensive schools)
• While it is expected that the world population will decline because of the changing perspectives on having children:
• Perspectives on having children

  • Pre-Industrial: Having children = Economic Producers (More children = more hands to till the soil (advantageous))
  • Industrial: Having children = Consumers! (liability na)
  • Modern society created policies that would make children dependent of their parents (Example: Mandatory schooling for children)
• Fertility remains to lag behind mortality!