Motivation and Sport

• Intrinsic motivation- taking part in sport for excitement, love of action or a chance to improve your own skills

  extrinsic motivation- taking part in sport for trophies, prizes or praise
• Self efficacy - Bandura

  self efficacy is our beliefs about our abilities. Self efficacy can be impacted by:

  • Our past experiences of successful and unsuccessful performance
  • Persuasion by other people
  • Learning from the self efficacy of our peers
  • Our physiology
• Sports confidence

  Sports confidence can be influenced by a range of factors:

  • Prior achievement
  • Self regulation
  • Climate

  Trait sport confidence- a stable belief in your general level of sporting ability based on previous experiences

  State sport confidence- This level of confidence can be changed quite quickly and is based on the athletes confidence in their current performance
• Sports Orientation

  there is task orientation and result orientation.

  Gill and Deeter- Found males scored higher on the competitiveness and result orientation whereas females scored higher on the task orientation
• Imagery

  this is when an athlete thinks through or imagines themselves performing a particular skill or achieving a particular goal.

  Woods- Imagery can improve athlete’s self-confidence and can be used to control arousal and manage anxiety.
• MUNROE-CHANDLER

  Aim- investigate the relationship between MG-M imagery and self-confidence and self efficacy in soccer players aged 11 to 14 years

  Method- Three measures were taken: imagery use, self-confidence and self-efficacy. play completed three questionnaires along with some general information about age and gender before a mid-season training session.

  Results- All imagery subscales correlated positively and strongly with both self efficacy and confidence. The greater use of mastery imagery the higher the level of self efficacy and confidence.
• APPLICATION - Imagery

  One way of using imagery is to construct an imagery script that would be audio recorded and which the athlete could listen to and work through twice a day. It may also be helpful for the athlete to be wearing their sports kit during imagery sessions or holding an item related to their sport.
• APPLICATION - Enhancing self efficacy

  Setting achievable goals will increase self efficacy and remind athletes of their past successes to encourage them to believe they will be successful again in the future. Also presenting a positive model for the athlete can provide modelling confidence.