Individual participants

• relies on pp who volunteer to participate,such as those willing to undergo drug testing
• the well-being of these individuals deserves as much attention as the potential benefits to society
• Milgrams study has high ethical costs to pps,which revealed startling insights into human obedience to authority,provided greater good to society
• One pp from Milgrams study,Jacob,said the experience made him re-evaluate his whole life,he realised how vulnerable authority made him.This gave him the confidence to come out as gay.
• Watson and rayner study on Little Albert,Albert experienced extreme distress at a very younger age and this could have life-long effects.

  He may have gained a lasting fear of animals
• Watson and Rayners research also shown that emotional responses can be conditioned,important for the development of the behaviourist approach
• However lasting effects from these studies provided,do not creater greater good to society
• Little Albert never had his conditioned response removed,it if had been Albert would have lived without the fear
• Milgrams pp even after being debreifed felt like they never fully recovered,they will always live with the knowledge of how they acted
• Leads to society having lots of mental health problems