Development and the DTM

• demographic transition model (DTM) = shows how birth rates and death rates affect population growth
• natural increase = when birth rate is higher than death rate, the population grows
• natural decrease = when death rate is higher than birth rate
• stage 1: least developed, birth rate is high because of the lack of contraception, death rate is high due to infant mortality and poor healthcare
• stage 2: not very developed, birth rate is high, economy is agricultural based so many children work on farms, better healthcare increases life expectancy
• stage 3: more developed (NEEs), birth rate falls rapidly (contraception use), economy changes from farming to manufacturing meaning less children work on farms, improved healthcare means that the death rate falls and life expectancy increases
• stage 4 and 5: most developed (HICs), birth rate is low, high standard of living and may have dependant elderly relatives meaning less money for children, healthcare is good meaning low death rate