revolts against norman’s

• when was the rebellion of Edwin and Morcar?

  1068
• what was the importance of Edwin and Morcars rebellion?

  -first major rebellion against William

  -encouraged further rebellions

  -led to William using more brutal methods to crush revolts
• what were the causes of Edwin and Morcars rebellion?

  -Unhappy about land they had lost under William

  -resented Williams heavy tax

  -resented castles William had built across England

  -alarmed by brutality of Norman rule
• why did resentment over castles lead to Edwin and Morcars rebellion in 1069

  -represented Norman power and control

  -often involved destroyed Anglo-Saxon homes

  -Normans commandeered resources from surrounding areas to build them
• why did Norman taxes lead to Edwin and Morcars rebellion in 1069?

  -heavy geld tax introduced in 1066 was resented
• how did the rebels react after edwin and morcars rebellion

  -Edwin and Morcar surrendered after William took control of Warwick

  -William pardoned them but kept them in his court to keep a eye on them

  -Rebellion quickly disintegrated after William took action
• why did Edwin and Morcars rebellion fail?

  -It may have been a test to see how William responded. The rebels could have been waiting for a better opportunity.

  -It is possible that the rebels were not clear or united about what they wanted. Edwin and Morcar may have just wanted their land back.

  -William's show of force and efficient castle-building was an effective way of regaining control.
• what area was the biggest challenge for William during his early years as king?

  -the north

  -they did not accept William as king

  -power had not fully extended to distant north

  -made area attractive to those who challenged William
• why was edgar aethlings rebeelion important?

  -led to harrying of north

  -marked change in Williams strategy in dealing with rebellions
• why was Robert cumin killed in Edgar athelings rebellion?

  -William chose cumin as earl of northern Northumbria after gospratics betrayal in 1068

  -cumin and large force of men attacked and looted towns in Northumbria in Jan 1069

  -group of Northumbria's surprised cumin men and killed them in Durham

  -cumin hid in bishops house but rebels set fire to it and killed him when he ran out
• Vikings involvement in the 1069 rebellion?

  -joined Edgars rebellion and combined army's marched on York

  -Normans set city on fire in attempt to defend it

  -both castles in York destroyed and Danish ships sailed home full of English riches
• why did Edgar Athelings rebellion fail?

  -rebels retreated when William led troops into area

  -William stopped Viking attacks by paying of Danes
• why were the Danes a worry for William?

  -far more experience soldiers than Normans

  -William believed they would keep raiding and retreating until Norman troops were exhausted
• what did the Viking rebels during Edgar athelings rebellion lead to?

  -paid Danes large sums of money to leave

  -began harrying of the north
• what was the harrying of the North?

  -William dealt with series of uprisings in North by having Norman soldiers storm villages, kill many people and livestock and burn fields
• when was the Harrying of the North?

  1069-1070
• why is the harrying of the North important?

  -marked turning point in Williams strategy against rebellions

  -consequences of harrying made it very difficult for resistance to continue
• how many people died as result of harrying of north?

  estimated between 100,000-150,000
• what was the rebellion of Hereward the wake?

  -after harrying of north Hereward the wake began a rebellion in fens of east Anglia
• when was the rebellion of Hereward the wake?

  1070-1071
• who was involved in the rebellion of Hereward the wake?

  -king Sweyn led Danish fleet back to England

  -made a alliance with local rebel leader Hereward
• Why did Hereward the Wake rebel?

  -upon his return from fighting abroad in 1069 his lands had been taken and given to a Norman lord

  -Archbishop of Peterborough, near to Ely had been replaced by a Norman called Turold.
• how did William deal with the guerrilla warfare during the rebellion of Hereward the wake?

  -responded quickly with large force

  -put trusted supporters in place to control areas once rebellions had been stopped

  -established castles in troubled areas

  -decided that remaining Anglo Saxon lords needed to be removed from power

  -again paid large sums of money so Danish invaders would leave
• how did William deal with unhappy troops during the 1070 rebellion?

  -offered them rewards for their service

  -raised money and land for this by further taxation and land confiscation
• what happened on the isle of ely during the rebellion of 1070?

  -paid Danes to leave England again

  -Hereward joined earl morcar to defend Ely

  -Normans managed to retake Ely by bribing monks to reveal route to Hereward's base
• what happened to earl morcar after the 1070 rebellion?

  -he was captured and imprisoned for life
• what happened to Hereward the wake after the 1070 rebellion?

  he escaped and was never heard of again
• when was the earls revolt?

  1075
• what were the aims of the earls revolt?

  to overthrow William and divide England into 3 parts shared by them
• who led the earls revolt?

  -ralph de Gael - earl of east Anglia

  -roger de breteuil -earl of Hereford

  -waltheof - earl of Northumbria and the last remaining English earl
• why did Ralph de Gael lead the earls revolt?

  -resented having less wealth and power than his father

  -had strong links to Brittany which were rivals with Normandy
• Why did Roger de Breteuil lead the Earls' Revolt?

  -angry when William reduced his land in the Marcher Earldom and introduced his own sheriffs to area
• why did Earl Waltheof lead the Earls Revolt?

  -former rebel

  -had links to Denmark

  -may have been double agent in revolt
• what problems did the leaders face in the Earls Revolt?

  -Anglo Saxons did not support them

  -Walthrof changed his mind and informed archbishop Lanfranc

  -William returned to England

  -Danish fleet of 200 ships arrived to late to help rebels
• what did archbishop Lanfranc do in the earls revolt?

  -sent men to east Anglia and Hereford to report rebels actions

  -wrote to Roger de breteuil to remind him of loyalty to William

  -made preparations to prevent the revolt
• what was the importance of the Earls revolt?

  -showed that having conquered England William had to watch his own supporters for treachery

  -Anglo Saxons supported William rather than rebels

  -waltheof was executed which shows how ruthless William was about Anglo-Saxon rebellion