finals lec2

• recreation - process of giving new life to something, of restoring something
• leisure - productive, creative, or contemplative use of free time
• recreational activities - include all kinds of sports, both team and individual, such as baseball, softball, football, basketball, volleyball, tennis, badminton, swimming, skiing, hiking, jogging, aerobics, and rock climbing
• passive recreational activities - reading, fishing, playing and listening to music, gardening, playing computer games, and watching television shows or movies
• factors promoting the growth of recreation

  • increase in discretionary time
  • influence of technology
  • public interest in health and fitness
  • commodification of leisure
  • therapeutic recreation service
  • new leisure roles for women
• increase in discretionary time

  • key factor underlying the growth of recreation
  • due to advanced mechanical equipment and automated processes in factories, agriculture, and the service fields, productive capacity increased remarkably during the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century
  • more holidays and longer vacations
  • labor-saving devices such as automatic washing machines, lawnmowers, microwave ovens, and vacuum cleaners have greatly simplified the demands of life
• influence of technology

  • provided new forms of recreation for people
  • video games offer interactive competition or exposure to new varieties of play settings and "virtual realities"
• public interest in health and fitness

  • key trend in the 20th century
  • research showed that the most successful fitness programs were those that provided recreational interest and satisfaction
• commodification of leisure

  • various forms of recreation are being developed by profit seeking businesses.
  • in big cities, huge public fitness centers which include pools, aerobics, dance rooms, and facilities for family play are being built and often charge membership fees that cost several hundred dollars a year
• therapeutic recreation service

  • important aspect of the growth of recreation has been the increased awareness of the recreation needs of persons with physical, mental, or social disabilities
• new leisure roles for women

  • at present, there is a strong drive by women to play a more equal role in recreational opportunities
  • there is now a growing interest in women's tennis, golf, gymnastics, track and field, and similar events in every level of competition
• types of organized recreation

  • government recreation agencies
  • voluntary non-profit organizations
  • private membership organizations
  • commercial recreation enterprises
  • employee recreation programs
  • armed forces recreation
  • campus recreation
  • therapeutic recreation services
• government recreation agencies

  • federal, state, provincial agencies and local departments that provide recreation and leisure services as a primary function
  • other agencies that offer recreation programs as a secondary responsibility such as those concerned with social service, education, special populations, and the armed forces
• voluntary non-profit organizations

  • nongovernmental, nonprofit agencies, both sectarian and nonsectarian, which serve the public at large with multiservice programs that often include a substantial element of recreational opportunity
• private membership organizations

  • provide recreational and social activities for their own members and, in some cases, assist community recreation needs
  • ex. golf, tennis, yacht, athletic, and country clubs
• commercial recreation enterprises

  • privately owned businesses which operate to make a profit such as ski centers, bowling alleys, nightclubs, movie houses, theaters, health spas or fitness centers, dancing schools, and theme parks
• employee recreation programs

  • serve those who work for companies or employers by providing recreation as a part of a total personnel benefits package, linked to other services concerned with employee health and fitness
• armed forces recreation

  • each of the major branches of the armed forces operates an extensive network of recreation facilities and programs
• campus recreation

  • includes intramural athletics or sports clubs, social activities, travel programs, performing arts groups, entertainment, lounges, film series, and other forms of recreation on college and university campuses
• therapeutic recreation services

  • include any type of program designed to meet the needs of persons with physical or mental disabilities, individuals with poor health, dependent aging persons, social deviant persons in correctional facilities, and similar special groups
• 2 major recreation service components

  1. sports as popular recreation
  2. tourism
• sports as popular recreation

  • physical activities demanding exertion and skill, involving competition, carried on with both formal rules and general standards of etiquette and fair play
• tourism

  • second major area of diversified recreational involvement
  • theme parks, water parks, fun centers, and sports tourism
• theme parks

  • concentrate on one dominant theme which may be historical, cultural, or geographical
  • visitors are likely to experience fantasy, glamour, escapism, prestige, and excitement
• water parks

  • specialized type of theme park
  • feature wave pools, slides, chutes, shows, and other forms of water-based play and entertainment
  • usually part of larger theme park operations
• fun centers

  • indoor fun centers, ranging from
  • ex. children's play, gymnastics, family party centers, video game arcades, and big restaurants with game area
  • offer a combination of computer and video games, billiards, miniature golf, entertainment by clowns and magicians, music, and popular fast-food refreshments
• tourist attractions

  • components of the tourism industry that function as main motivators for travel
• natural attractions

  • reasons why people travel
  • ex. botanical, zoological, mountain and seaside parks, national forests, and national parks
• cultural attractions

  1. historical sites
  2. architectural sites
  3. architecture
  4. cuisine
  5. monuments
  6. industrial sites
  7. museums
  8. ethnic
  9. concerts
  10. theater
• natural attractions

  1. landscapes
  2. seascapes
  3. parks
  4. monuments
  5. flora
  6. fauna
  7. coasts
  8. island
• events

  1. mega events
  2. community events
  3. festivals
  4. religious events
  5. sports events
  6. trade events
  7. corporate events
• recreation

  1. sightseeing
  2. golf
  3. swimming
  4. tennis
  5. hiking
  6. biking
  7. snow sports
• entertainments attractions

  1. theme parks
  2. amusement parks
  3. casinos
  4. cinemas
  5. shopping facilities
  6. performing arts centers
  7. sports complex
• heritage attractions

  • appeal to those whowant to learn about ancient and contemporary civilizations
  • ex. Egypt, Greece, Israel, Turkey, Indonesia, India, Mexico, and Peru
• recreation attractions

  • for those who seek exciting adventures
  • provide access to indoor and outdoor facilities where bowling tourists can participate in sports
  • ex. swimming pools, ice skating rinks, golf courses, ski resort, biking trails, bicycle paths, and marinas
• commercial attraction

  • retail operations which deal with gifts, handicrafts, souvenirs, and art
  • shopping - principal activity of both domestic and international visitors
• industrial attractions

  • ex. wineries and breweries
• United States of America

  • pioneer in the development of theme parks
  • 1st - disneyland by walt disney in anaheim, california 1955
• attractions

  • pearce (2001) a named site with a specific human or natural feature which is the focus of visitor and management attention
  • swarbrooke (2001) single units; individual sites or very small, delimited geographical units based on a single feature
• classification

  1. historic houses
  2. museums and galleries
  3. wildfire attractions
  4. castles
  5. botanical gardens
  6. steam railways
  7. visitor centers - at a specific attraction or place of interest, such as a landmark, national park, national forest, or state park, providing information
  8. country parks - a natural area designated for people to visit and enjoy recreation in a countryside environment
  9. leisure parks - a space designed to provide facilities for a range of leisure pursuits, such as a sports hall, café, and meeting rooms