7C.2

• 7C.2 ONS 2014


  ONS 2014

  • proportion of men aged 16-64 who were unemployed was highest in other black (17%), white and black carribean (15%)
  • highest rates of unemployment for women were in the Arab (64%) and Bangladeshi (61%) ethnicities
• 7C.2 Wood et al


  discrimination in favour of white names over equivalent applications from a number of ethnic groups was 29%
• 7C.2 Heath and Yu


  for men they found that first generation black, Indian and Pakistani migrants faced significant ethnic penalties
• 7C.2 Joseph Rowntree Foundation


  some ethnic minority graduates are finding it harder to gain higher level positions in their occupation
• 7C.2 Battu and Sloane


  ethnic minorities in employment are more likely to be overeducated than white groups in the uk
• 7C.2 Davidson


  concrete ceiling

  discrimination that prevents ethnic minority women from being promoted
• 7C.2 ONS 2014 - ethnic inequalities in income and wealth


  ONS 2014

  • 2/5ths of people from ethnic minorities live in low income households
  • men from each ethnic minority earn at least 10% less than comparable white group
• 7C.2 Rowlingson and McKay


  differences in occupational class

  white British people in managerial positions had greater wealth than other ethnic groups in the same position
• 7C.2 Evandrou


  white older people had the lowest level of income poverty followed by irish then black carribean
• 7C.2 Runnymede report


  EM groups up to three times more likely than white people to experience poverty in retirement
• 7C.2 Flaherty


  number of reasons for high rates of poverty among EMs:

  • more likely to be unemployed
  • used to work in manufacturing sector - these jobs have declined
  • concentrated in low skilled therefore low paying jobs
  • live in deprived areas
  • damp housing - negative impact on health
  • difficulties with the benefits system
• 7C.2 Alcock


  material deprivation

  many ethnic minority groups experience material deprivation and that this can lead to social exclusion
• 7C.2 Platt


  those with higher occupational attainment in the first generation, Indians were able to maintain these achievments

  relative occupation position of carribean people had slipped by 1991
• 7C.2 Sedghi


  despite levels of educational attainment improving significantly for ethnic minorities, they are still facing barriers to social mobility and job opportunities