Vector borne disease biologically transmit by insects
WHO estimates 3.4b people live at risk of malaria. It kills 600k people a year. Most risk people are young children, pregnant women and unvaccinated people. 90% cases occurred in Africa
Symptoms:
muscle aches
diarrhoea
seizures
headaches
Preventions:
mosquito nets
get rid of stagnant water
anti malarial drugs
Physical environment
Breeds in stagnant water and transmission is greatest in areas during and after rainy seasons.
Longer the rainy season, greater the transmission. Temperatures of 16-32 degrees are mandatory; they tend to form in tropics and subtropics
Coastal areas have a higher rate of transmission
Land use can also be determine risk. India studies that close proximity to forested areas increase chances of infection
Socio-economic environment
Big impact on risk. Malaria has greatest effect on poorest nations due to lack of investment in projects to develop new vaccines. Factors that affect infection:
Housing quality
Unsanitary conditions
Occupation
Income
Distance & Accessibility to hospitals
Impact
Malaria kills a child every minute in Africa and accounts for 1/6 deaths amongst children
Decreases tourism, inhibits foreign investment and affects crop production
Slows economic growth and causes underdevelopment because cost of buying medicine, cost to governments for maintenance and insecticide spraying