Chapter 10 Self-Test Study Notes

• Function of the circulatory system

  Exchange that takes place in the capillaries
• Return of venous blood to the heart is aided by

  The pressure of skeletal muscles on veins and their valves
• Arteries


  Lead away from the heart
• Pulse felt on wrist

  The change in diameter of the arteries following heart contractions
• Functions of the elasticity of the artery walls


  • Helps blood flow in the right direction
  • Provides an additional pumping motion to help force the blood through the blood vessels
  • Allows the artery to expand as a wave of blood surges through it during the contraction of the ventricles
• Circulatory system response when external environment is cold and body heat needs to be conserved

  Vasoconstriction of the blood vessels near the surface of the skin reduces the amount of heat that is dissipated from the skin
• First and second heart sounds

  The closing of the AV valves and the closing of the semilunar valves
• Mammalian heart


  A double pump - the right side receives deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs; the left side receives oxygenated blood and pumps it to the rest of the body
• Path that blood follows through the heart

  Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
• Blood travelling in the pulmonary artery

  Deoxygenated and thus similar to blood in most veins
• Heart's pacemaker that initiates contraction of the heart muscle

  Sinoatrial (SA) node
• Order of nerve impulse transmissions through the conducting fibres of the heart

  SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibres
• Semilunar valve in the heart

  Between the aorta and left ventricle
• Maximum blood pressure that occurs in arteries during a single ventricular contraction

  Systolic pressure
• Location of blood pressure receptors

  Aorta and carotid arteries
• If a blood pressure receptor senses increased blood pressure

  Sympathetic nerve impulses are decreased and parasympathetic impulses are increased
• How blood plasma levels are kept constant

  Lymph vessels carrying plasma proteins back into the bloodstream
• How the flow of lymph through the lymphatic system is accomplished

  Compression of the lymph vessels by surrounding muscles
• Functions of the lymphatic system


  • Filters the extracellular fluid
  • Returns excess interstitial fluid and proteins to the blood
• Arteries that supply the heart's muscle cells with oxygen and nutrients

  Coronary arteries
• Factors that act to increase blood pressure

  • Increased cardiac output
  • Increased arteriole resistance
• Cardiac Catheterization detects coronary artery blockage
• Electrocardiographs monitor events of the cardiac cycle
• Sphygmomanometer detects blood pressure
• Angioplasty opens blocked blood vessels