types of long term memory

    Cards (23)

    • Semantic memory

      Our knowledge about the world, facts and concepts
    • Episodic memory

      Our memories for particular events in our lives
    • Procedural memory

      An unconscious memory of skills, known as muscle memory
    • Declarative memories
      Episodic and semantic memories
    • Non-declarative memories
      Procedural memories
    • Episodic memories

      • Stored with a reference to time and place
      • Can be recalled consciously
      • Autobiographical
      • Easy to forget
    • Semantic memories
      • Not stored with a reference to time and place
      • Can be recalled consciously
      • Not autobiographical
      • More resistant to forgetting
      • Strength affected by depth of processing
    • Procedural memories
      • Not stored with a reference to time and place
      • Recalled unconsciously
      • Not autobiographical
      • Very resistant to forgetting
      • Strength affected by amount of practice
    • Amnesiac patients with hippocampal damage had significant episodic amnesia but largely unaffected semantic abilities
    • Clive Wearing had retrograde amnesia for episodic memories, but retained semantic memories and procedural skills
    • Amnesiac patients can improve on procedural skills under experimental conditions, without retaining episodic or semantic memories of the training
    • There are reasons to argue the types of long-term memory may not be as clearly separated, such as the connection between procedural and semantic memory in producing automatic language
    • Retrograde amnesia (clive)

      Cannot remember musical education (episodic)
    • Semantic memory (Clive)
      Remembers facts about his life
    • Procedural memory (Clive)
      Can still play the piano
    • Episodic, semantic and procedural are separate processes
    • ideographic study (clive wearing)
      • Would be impossible experimentally
    • Generalising from only a few individuals is problematic as there may be unique issues that explain the behaviour
    • Modern cognitive neuroscience
      • Uses brain scanning to study more scientifically
    • Nomothetic methods allow for generalisations to be made
    • There is no simularity between episodic and semantic memory, they are both declarative but develop over time
    • episodic memory is facts meanings and concepts
    • semantic memory is experiences and evens
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