active transport

• active transport is an active process
• net movement of particles from a lower concentration to a higher concentration
• co transporter bind two molecules at at time and one of those molecules is used to move the other one against its concentration gradient
• absorption of glucose:

  1. sodium ions are actively transported out of the epithelial cells in the ileum which created a concentration gradient with a higher concentration of sodium ions in the ileum
  2. causes sodium ions to diffuse from the ileum into the cell via the sodium glucose co transporter proteins which carries glucose into the cell so the concentration of glucose inside the cell increases
  3. glucose diffuses out of the cell into the blood down the concentration gradient using a channel protein by facilitated diffusion
• the faster the carrier proteins the faster the rate of active transport
• the more carrier proteins the faster the rate of active transport
• the higher the rate of respiration the more ATP so more active transport can take place