migration

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    Created by
    olivia thorley

    Subdecks (1)

    Cards (11)

    • long term international migration to UK trends
      immigration > emigration
      peak immigration rate = 650,000 in 2014
      peak emigration rate = 420,000 in 2008
      lowest immigration = 500k in 2012
      lowest emigration = 323k in 2015
    • push factors of migrants to britain 2013
      poor career / job opportunities
      low earnings
      war
      political / religious persecution
    • pull factors of 2013 britain
      work related reasons
      formal study
      family reasons
      better job opportunities
      higher standard of living
      better healthcare / education
      more political / religious freedom
    • patterns of migration 1900-2000
      1900 - 1945 largest immigrant group = Irish
      1901 = 83k eastern europeans living in britain
      1930 = large wave of up to 100,000 jews escaping nazi germany
      1940 = jewish population of 400,000
      1947 = polish resettlement act offered citizenship to 200,000 polish soldiers
      1972 - african / asians allowed to settle in UK after being expelled from Uganda
      1974 = peak in emigration due to recession, unemployment and electricity shortages
      1945-1982 = uk citizens encouraged to australia - 1.5 million left
      1994 - opening of channel tunnel = easier transport
    • patterns of migration 2000 onwards
      2004 - expansion of EU, england saw immediate increase in migrants from countries such as latvia and malta
      2011 - 13% of population is migrant born
    • demographic impact of migration
      population size increasing
      • net migration high
      • natural increase
      age structure
      • immigration lowers average age
      • directly == immigrants are younger
      • indirectly == younger = more fertile == produce more babies
    • impact of migration on identities
      ERIKSON - transnational identities where migrants less likely to see themselves as belonging completely to one culture and develop neither / nor identities
      EADE - 2nd generation bangladeshi muslims created hierarchy of identity = muslim first, bengali then british
      modern technology makes sustaining global ties without travel possible
    • impact of migration of fears and attitudes
      contact theory - more positive attitudes are found when there is sustained and positive contact with members of different ethnicities
    • impact of migration on dependancy ratio
      immigrants more likely of working age helping lower dependancy ratio
      older migrants tend to return to origin country to retire
      immigrants are younger so have children = increases ratio
      longer a group settles in a country = closer their fertility rate comes to national fertility rate = lower dependency ratio
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