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• Social organization


  Established for the pursuit of specific aims or goals, characterized by a formal structure or rules, authority relations, a division of labor and limited membership or admission
• Group


  A set of individuals who identify and interact with one another in a structured way based on shared values and goals
• Social group


  A collection of people who interact with each other in accordance with the position they occupy in the society
• Types of social groups

  • According to Social Ties
  • According to Self-identification
  • According to form of organization
  • Networks
• According to Social Ties

  • Primary Group
  • Secondary Group
• Primary group


  A typical small social group whose members share close, personal, intimate, and face to face association and cooperation and have strong emotional ties
• Examples of primary groups


  • families, friendship groups, play groups, peers, neighbors, etc.
• Secondary group


  Can be small or large group who do not interact much; mostly impersonal; interactions among members are casual and usually short-term; typically found at work and school
• Examples of secondary groups


  • the group for a school project, members of the committee, superior-subordinate, seller-buyer, etc.
• According to Self-identification

  • In-Group
  • Out-Group
  • Reference Group
• In-group


  A social group to which an individual identifies and which give him/her a sense of belongingness, solidarity, camaraderie, the feeling of togetherness, and protective attitude toward the other members
• Examples of in-groups


  • membership of a church organization, sports club, etc.
• Out-group


  A social group that an individual does not identify with; viewed as outsiders of the in-group
• Example of out-group


  • could be a sports team opponent
• Reference group


  They serve as model of standards; we use them as patterns to guide behaviors and attitudes
• Examples of reference groups


  • peer groups, senior schoolmates, actors and actresses, etc.
• According to form of organization

  • Formal Group
  • Informal Group
• Formal group


  Deliberately formed, and their purpose and objectives are explicitly defined. Have a certain type of administrative structure called "bureaucracy".
• Bureaucracy


  A hierarchical arrangement in a large-scale organizations in which parts of the organization are ordered in the manner of a pyramid based on a division of function and authority
• Informal group


  Unplanned, has no explicit rules and does not have specific objectives to be attained. It has the characteristics of primary groups.
• Networks


  Sets of informal and formal social ties that link people to each other. It is formed by the presence of social linkage for some personal, economic, religious, or political reasons.
• Social actors within a network

  • people
  • families
  • organizations
  • corporations
  • states
  • a mixture of individuals and groups