Communication between a small group of individuals typically in a face-to-face setting where participants engage in minimally restricted dialogue with each other
Interpersonal communication
Allows for self-disclosure and more intimate details than with a stranger
Demonstrates that managers care about their employees and the organization
Helps employees feel valued
Breaks down barriers and allows information to flow more easily
Helps form relationships that create value within the organization
Increases job satisfaction
Nonverbal communication
Anything besides words such as gestures, actions, facial expressions, body language, and other aspects of physical appearance that communicate something
Nonverbal communication accompanies oral communication as an extension of a particular message, but the two do not always align
Effective managers are aware of their nonverbal communication and ensure consistency between their spoken communication and nonverbal communication
Written communication
Messages that are transmitted to receivers in writing
Advantages of written communication
Immediacy and economical feasibility
Efficiency and accuracy
Flexibility
Official record
Limitations of written communication include not always being able to confirm the message was received and the need for managers to have strong writing skills
Oral communication
Communication through the spoken word or using your mouth
Advantages of oral communication
Ensuring a message was received
Checking for understanding
Soliciting immediate feedback
Oral communication can be inconsistent, incomplete, and ambiguous, allowing for inferences to be made
Effective listening and speaking skills are critical for managerial success in oral communication
