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• Five types of society

  • Hunting and gathering
  • Horticultural and pastoral societies
  • Agrarian/agricultural societies
  • Industrial societies
  • Post-industrial societies
• Hunting and gathering society


  Survival is anchored on searching and gathering food from nature
• Hunting and gathering society


  • The environment defines what type of approach would be used to access food
  • Hunting, trapping, gathering fishing or combination of these strategies were used in order to have access to a wide range of dietary sources like nuts, seeds, vegetable, fish and meat
  • Tools were also created according to the requirement of the area where hunting and gathering will occur
  • Division of labor occurred, with men as meat hunters and women as plant gatherers
• Neolithic age-Horticultural and pastoral society


  • The word horticulture derived from the Latin word hortus means "garden" and colere means "to cultivate"
  • Ancient people discovered and cultivated the process of raising crops using handmade tools like hoe and stick
• Neolithic revolution-agrarian/agricultural society


  This revolution started the development of permanent settlements and the establishment of social classes and eventually the rise of civilizations in Mesopotamia, India, Egypt and China
• Neolithic revolution-agrarian/agricultural society


  • They use materials like metals, wheels and irrigation system led to the ploughing of fertile soils in massive proportions
  • Gender differentiation became evident as a women assisted men in ploughing the fields, thereby relinquishing their primary responsibility as food gatherers
• Early Civilizations and the rise of the state


  • These civilizations all sprouted near the river
  • They had the capacity to harvest resources from nearby bodies of water, these settlements grew to become complex territories and others as ancient empires that provided the flourishing and development of writing systems, wheels and transportation, great architectural designs, wealth and status
• Democratization


  • Democracy originated from city-states of ancient Greece in Athens sometimes around 500 BCE
  • Now democracy stands for government of the people, by the people and for the people as popularized by Abraham Lincoln
• Industrial Society


  • The invention of the steam engine was an important turning point in the transition from agricultural to industrial society
  • Factories rose to prominence as iconic structures of early capitalist and industrial societies in Europe
  • Indicative of economic and social changes, industrial society embraced technological innovations like the use of steel, iron and coal
• Post-industrial society


  • The 20th century marked the beginning of information revolution because of the rise of information and communication technology
  • The internet makes the world smaller as they say and that it makes all nations and people around the world interconnected
• Symbol


  It is an object, word, or action that stands for something else, without natural relationship, that is culturally defined
• Types of Symbols

  • Economical
  • Social
  • Cultural
  • Economical
  • Political
• Cultural Symbols


  • Manifestation that signifies ideology of a particular culture that has meaning within that culture
  • The national items and symbols are used to create Filipino identity and to promote solidarity and unity in the nation
• Cultural Practices in the Philippines


  • Traditional Medical Practices - belief in "albularyo", herbal medicines, alternative medicines, and other home remedies
• Social Symbols


  It is relating to human societies and its modes of organization (i.e., social classes, social problems, social issues, etc.)
• Social Symbols


  • Informative or instructive symbols
• Political Symbols


  It is used to represent a political standpoint; seen in various media and forms such as banners, flag, motto, etc.
• Political Practices in the Philippines

  • Celebrities turned Politicians
  • Palakasan system
  • Filipino Clans
• Economic Symbols


  It is used in production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services like currency, market, labor, demands and other economic activities
• Economic Symbols

  • New Zealand $
  • Philippines ₱
  • South Korea ₩
  • Thailand ฿
• Philippine Economic Practices


  • In terms of savings, one of the traditional ways of saving money in Filipino is using "alkansya"
• Hunting and gathering society

  It also called "foraging society" because survival is anchored on searching and gathering food from nature.
• Neolithic revolution-agrarian/agricultural society

  This revolution started the development of permanent settlements and the establishment of social classes and eventually the rise of civilizations.
• Political Symbols

  We used it to represent a political standpoint; seen in various media and forms such as banners, flag, motto, etc.
• South Korea uses the currency ₩.
• Philippine Peso

  • Economic Symbol
• Philippine Flag

  • Political Symbol
• Malacañan Palace

  • Political Symbol
• No smoking sign

  • Social Symbol
• Philippine Eagle

  • Cultural Symbol