Humanistic

• Who started the humanistic approach to psychology?

  Abraham Maslow
• What does free will mean?

  People can choose to act in they way that they want.
• Assumptions of the Humanistic Approach

  • Humans have free will
  • Everyone is unique
• If a psychologist assumes that other people will behave in a similar way to his/her participants, this is referred to as generalizing the results from an experiment.
• Everyone is unique this means that....

  We can never generalize the results of an experiment.
•  If everyone is unique and different, then we can never generalise the results of an experiment. This means that no study will have external validity.
• 1. The Humanistic Approach Rejects the Scientific Method!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• What do behaviourist psychologists believe?

  It is not possible to apply the scientific method to humanistic psychology.

  Psychology must follow the scientific method.
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

  fill in the pictures labels

  A) self actualisation

  B) Psychological needs

  C) Basic needs

  
• Maslow thought that there was a hierarchy of needs. What does this mean?


  Maslow ranked human needs based on how important they are.
• The first level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs deals with basic needs, namely physiological (food, warmth) followed by safety needs (whether we are safe).
• The second level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs deals with psychological needs, namely love and belonging followed by esteem needs.
• It is difficult to say what self-actualisation looks like for everyone, because the humanistic approach assumes that everyone is different.
• What does self-actualisation mean?


  Fulfilling our human potential.
• Examples of fulfilling our human potential

  • Creative expression
  • Experiencing beauty
  • Knowledge and Understanding
• According to humanism, because everyone is unique, everyone will self-actualise in different ways.
•  Carl Rogers was a humanistic psychologist who used counselling to help patients reach their full potential and be happy.
• In humanistic psychology, what can we assume about everyone’s ideal self?

  Everyone’s ideal self will be unique.
• Carl Rogers’ Theory of the self:

  The self-concept is what you think of yourself, whereas the ideal self is what you would like to be.
• Carl Rogers argued that if someone’s selves are not congruent, then they may benefit from humanistic counselling.
• What is congruence?

  • Congruence is when the ideal self matches the self-concept.
  • If a person’s selves are not congruent, then they could benefit from humanistic counselling.
  • If a person’s selves are not congruent, then people may experience psychological issues, like feelings of sadness, anxiety or insecurity.
• What are conditions of worth?

  Conditions of worth are what we think we need to change about ourselves, in order to have self-worth.
• Conditions of worth are the reason why someone's ideal self would not be congruent with their self-concept.
• What does removing conditions of worth help with?

  It helps patients to achieve congruence of their self-concept and ideal self.
• The main feature of humanistic counselling is unconditional positive regard.
• The main feature of humanistic counselling is unconditional positive regard. How does this help the patient?


   It removes a client’s conditions of worth, allowing them to achieve congruence.
• For Rogers, self-actualisation is achieving congruence , by having no conditions of worth.

  For Maslow, self-actualisation is fulfilling the highest level of his hierarchy of needs.
• What do we associate Rodgers with?

  circles
• what do we associate Maslow with?

  Pyramid
• Maslow describes self-actualisation as the top tier of his hierarchy of needs. Rogers, on the other hand describes self-actualisation as congruence of the self-concept and the ideal self.
• Humanistic psychology was a response to the behaviourist approach.