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Psychology
Paper 1
Research Methods
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Nicky Wilson
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Subdecks (4)
Aims and Hypothesis
Psychology > Paper 1 > Research Methods
11 cards
Types of experiments
Psychology > Paper 1 > Research Methods
25 cards
Observations
Psychology > Paper 1 > Research Methods
12 cards
Descriptive statistics
Psychology > Paper 1 > Research Methods
16 cards
Cards (109)
What do
frequency
tables represent
The
number of times a score occurs
What do histograms show
Vertical columns
to show
frequencies
Difference between histograms and bar charts
The
columns
touch in
histograms
What do bar charts represent
Data in categories of
discrete
information (
mutually exclusive
)
Normal distribution curves
Describes the
spread
of data
Shows bell
shape
curve
Mean, median, and mode occur in at the same
central
point
What do correlations tell us
The
relationship
between two
co-variables
Co-variables
Provide
numerical
data at each
axis
of graph
Positive
correlation
As one variable
increases
, the other
increases
Negative correlation
As one variable increases, the other decreases
No correlation
No correlational relationship between two variables
Quantitative data
Data that can be counted, usually given in
numbers
Strength of quantitative data
easy to
analyse
and make
comparisons
between groups
Weakness of quantitative data
lacks
depth
and
detail
Qualitative
data
Data expressed in
words
Strength of
qualitative
data
Detailed
, includes people's
thoughts
More
information obtained
Weakness of qualitative data
Difficult to
analyse
Researcher opinions may result in
bias
Primary data
First hand data collected only for the purpose of
research
Strength of primary data
Suits the
aim
of the researcher, therefore
more useful
Weaknessof primary data
Takes time and effort
Example: Interviews / experiment
Secondary
data
Data collected by someone else
Already
analysed
Example: books, websites, government statistics.
Strengths of secondary data
Quick
as data is already
analysed
Weaknesses of secondary data
Uncertainty
of
quality
of data as it is not conducted by you
Might be
out
of
date
Ethical issues
Conflict between
rights
of participant to be
safe
and the goals of research to produce valid results
Ethical issues include
Informed
Consent
Deception
Protection
from
harm
Confidentiality
Informed consent
Participants must be given
information
about the study and their role in it
Participants must make informed
decision
to take part
How to obtain informed consent
Ask participants to sign consent form before study
Underage participants require
parental
consent
Deception
Participants
misled
about aims of study
In which cases is deception allowed
If it
benefits
research
Debriefing
participants post study
Give option to
withdraw
their data
Protection from harm
Participants should not be placed at risk
physically
or
psychologically
How to deal with protection from harm
Offer
counselling
Confidentiality
Personal details of participants should not be released
Data should be kept
anonymous
How to deal with confidentiality
Use
code
names or
numbers
instead of names
Types of non
experimental
research
Case studies
Correlation studies
Observation studies
Interviews
Questionnaires
Interview
meaning
Conversation
between interviewer and interviewee
Types of interviews
Structured interviews
Unstructured interviews
Semi-structured interviews
Structured interview
Prepared
beforehand
Set list of
questions
Read
through list
Unstructured interview
Like a
conversation
Questions based on
answers
given
Semi-structured interview
some questions prepared
before
the interview and
follow up
questions can be asked in response to answers given
Questionnaires
Set of written questions used to find out a persons
thoughts
or
feelings
Can be opened or closed
Questionnaires can include
qualitative
or
quantitative
data
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